advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act

endobj /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 /Parent 11 0 R /MarkedPDF << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << 18 0 obj /TT1 121 0 R /Annots [193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R The aim of this policy is to raise standards. /Parent 9 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> << /Resources << >> >> >> /StructParents 68 /StructParents 3 endobj /TT0 120 0 R /Resources << The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. 64 0 obj For instance, public policy decisions can be made by looking at decreasing state-administered tests in public schools if deficiencies in a particular subject are patent. This is achieved through making schools compete with one another for pupils and government funding, in the same way in which businesses compete with each other for customers, sales and profits. >> /Properties << endobj /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 39 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R /LetterspaceFlags 0 /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> >> /StructParents 18 >> >> >> /MC0 129 0 R << >> /Contents 278 0 R Established in 1993, OFSTED is the government organisation that inspects schools. (NB another aim of the New Right in education was to ensure that education equipped children with the skills for work, thus contributing to economic growth). /TT1 226 0 R >> >> >> 99 0 obj /Font << /Parent 2 0 R endobj /StructParents 70 /MC0 129 0 R 92 0 obj >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 226 0 R >> /StructParents 84 /TT0 120 0 R /Kids [72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R] >> >> Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? >> /MC0 129 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] - Encourages schools to compete and raise standards, - The more pupils, the more funding given to the school (FORMULA FUNDING), - Inequality widens between better performing schools in middle class areas and working class areas. /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << /Type /Pages /StructParents 31 6 0 obj >> /TT1 121 0 R /Properties << /Properties << >> /Parent 17 0 R << >> /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. >> /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 10 0 R >> /Parent 12 0 R 44 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Central to the advantage of facial recognition is that it enables the computerized and automated processing of biometric data based on the digital image or live video feed of a person for a variety of purposes or applications. education, discipline that is concerned with methods of teaching and learning in schools or school-like environments as opposed to various nonformal and informal means of socialization (e.g., rural development projects and education through parent-child relationships). /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R Appointed President of the Board of Education in 1941, Richard 'Rab' Butler passed an Education Act in 1944, promising 'Secondary Education for All'. /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 86 /ExtGState << >> /StructParents 65 /Properties << >> He has led efforts to improve public education as a teacher, principal, researcher, and advocate for 30 years. Where did all the GCSE pupils go and why has no one noticed? The New Right refers to a set of ideas that emerged in the 1970s. >> >> 48 0 obj /Font << endobj /ExtGState << >> /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 88 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /XObject << /Properties << Which type of school you ended up attending was decided by the 11+ examination, as ever this process had its advantages as well as its disadvantages: Advantages the brightest 15% - 20% went to grammar schools meaning >> /GS0 125 0 R >> /Contents 245 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << >> /ExtGState << The national curriculum required that all schools teach the same subject content from the age of 7-16. These dimensions underpin the curriculum and the ethos of the school. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 47 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Pages *SJj4Tf >> /TT1 121 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 2 0 R /Rotate 0 /OCProperties << /MC0 129 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT2 159 0 R endobj >> /Font << /TT1 231 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R This post has primarily been written forstudents of A-level sociology who are studying the education module in their first year. GLOBAL INTEGRATION: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Globalization is the process by which different societies, cultures, and regional economies integrate through a worldwide network of political ideas through transportation, communication, and trade. /Parent 17 0 R 0000010683 00000 n /StructParents 44 /GS0 125 0 R Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: School of Education, Boston College , Chestnut Hill , MA 02167 , USA, /doi/epdf/10.1080/0969594970040207?needAccess=true, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. /Type /Page >> endobj /Parent 14 0 R /Type /Page Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act (Butler Act), Comprehensive schooling 1965, Advantages and Disadvantages of comprehensive schools and more. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT0 120 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 9 0 R << /StructParents 12 Also, just because powerful governments have expanded marketisation on a global scale, this doesnt necessarily mean it works for everyone, and there are plenty of criticisms of the negative consequences of the 1988 Education Act as below, Below I summarize EIGHT criticisms of the 1988 Education Act, Concern has been expressed over the harmful effects of over-testing on pupils, especially younger pupils. >> Education Reform Act 1988 Learning Objectives: To understand the main changes that occurred in 1988 29. /StructParents 9 115 0 obj /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /Kids [42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R] endobj /Type /Page endobj This will take effect in 2009. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 /Font << /Font << Weaknesses. >> /Contents 251 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R 52 0 obj endobj << /Contents 272 0 R Stephen Ball talks of the school/ parent alliance: Middle class parents want middle class schools and schools want middle class pupils. /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R >> /ExtGState << >> endobj 2. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R endobj >> >> >> /Contents 240 0 R /Resources << 93 0 obj >> /Parent 19 0 R 53 0 obj << /Parent 10 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Nums [0 21 0 R] /Type /Page >> /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 6 >> >> /Metadata 6 0 R endobj /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> >> OFSTED reports are published and underachieving school are shut if they consistently receive bad reports. /First 113 0 R >> Just a note: pretty sure Ofsted was formed under the Education (Schools) Act in 1992 so technically not included in the ERA in 1988. so helpful for my sociology revision! >> >> New Right ideas have most been mostly strictly followed by the Conservative when they have been in power in the UK firstly, 1979-1997 and again since 2010.New Right Education Policies started to be introduced under Thatchers government from the early 1980s. The Obama administration would like to provide national education standards that all states would be required to follow, according to a report on VOANews.com.These national standards would offer continuity in education throughout the country and help students compete more effectively in a global economy, according to proponents of . >> /Type /Page >> /StructParents 83 >> Security Through Biometric Authentication: One . /StructParents 39 /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 80 /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /Annots [132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R /Rotate 0 Benefits of Education are Societal and Personal. /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 60 /Font << /StructParents 85 /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 13 0 R << /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Free schools are all-ability state-funded schools set up in response to what local people say they want and need in order to improve education for children in their community. /TT1 226 0 R >> >> >> >> /Properties << /Contents 259 0 R >> advantages through choice policies' (1995, p. 21). /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 273 0 R >> /Properties << /Rotate 0 >> endobj There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R B 'Bad' schools would lose . /Font << /Contents 241 0 R /Type /Page Also from SAGE Publishing. /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /StructParents 75 In the U.S. healthcare system, medical professionals are not employed by the government.Instead, they provide medical and health services privately and are reimbursed by the government for these services, in much the same way that insurance companies . Information in this post was derived from a selection of the main A-level sociology text books. >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 15 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Properties << /Parent 16 0 R endobj /Font << >> /Properties << << /StructParents 22 Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. >> >> A science . >> /Kids [32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R] >> /Annots [127 0 R] The result of this was that some schools became oversubscribed, and these were allowed to select pupils according to certain criteria. /TT1 121 0 R endobj /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 33 Both brought with them changes that are . endobj /Resources << /Resources << 28 0 obj /TT3 159 0 R 0000052072 00000 n << << /Parent 12 0 R /Type /Page << /Parent 10 0 R /Properties << 32 0 obj /Properties << 0000005855 00000 n /Parent 2 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /Resources << The aim of OFSTED is to drive up standards. >> Did the schools market deliver? /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] From a Neoliberal and New Right perspective the above is fundamentally flawed logic as it means that successful schools which are attracting more pupils are subsidising worse performing schools and so the 1988 Act required that LEASs hand over their money directly to schools based on pupil numbers (formula funding) which removed the power of LEAs to control local budgets. /ExtGState << /Count 10 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /PageLabels 5 0 R /Type /Page /Properties << /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> 49 0 obj Marketisation is used to refer to a trend in education policy from the 1980s where schools were encouraged to compete against each other and act more like private businesses rather than institutions under the control of local government. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << /Rotate 0 /TT1 121 0 R Finally, the principle of competition has been applied internationally, in the form of the PISA league tables. << For marketization to work parents must have a choice of where to send their children. /TT3 121 0 R /Parent 3 0 R /TT2 226 0 R << endobj /Contents 297 0 R /Contents 224 0 R /TT2 226 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /GS0 125 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << << 113 0 obj 57 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << >> >> /Resources << /TT1 226 0 R /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R << /Properties << /Im1 126 0 R 105 0 obj 30 0 obj >> >> >> /ExtGState << The benefits of inclusion are many. /Contents 258 0 R /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R /TT3 121 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 121 0 R /Parent 17 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Contents 266 0 R A bit like What car? magazine, but for schools. >> /StructParents 55 << /Properties << << /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << endobj /Contents 158 0 R << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R /C2_0 232 0 R /StructParents 0 endobj /Type /Page /Contents 261 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> /StructParents 71 Proposing abolition of fees, maintenance grants and division of primary and secondary schools, this legislation was opposed by the Church of England and Roman Catholic communities, which feared loss of control to Local Education Authorities (LEAs). >> << >> This is the act which more than any other has shaped the modern education system. /TT2 121 0 R >> /PageElement << /Parent 12 0 R It firmly placed education in the marketplace, a process that began in the early 1980s under Mrs Margaret . >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << >> << /MC0 129 0 R 84 0 obj /TT2 231 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R << /Parent 17 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 37 Prior to the 1980s it was the Local Education Authorities which allocated pupils to schools in their local areas, and it was the Local Education Authorities which decided school numbers. /Resources << (Read Arne Duncan's Britannica essay on "Education: The Great Equalizer.") 90 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R >> /Rotate 0 /Last 114 0 R >> >> /Font << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page The tripartite system, for example, introduced secondary schooling for all students in 1944. Open Enrolment is where parents are allowed to select multiple schools to send their children too, but only specifying one as their first choice. /TT0 120 0 R >> /StructParents 42 >> But that would require great political leadership now, says Gary Phillips. /Rotate 0 /ExtGState << /ExtGState << >> endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << /Parent 10 0 R The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences Tuomo Ruotanen Inequality of Education Opportunity increases the best schools get better and the worst get worse. /TT1 121 0 R << /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 17 /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R /Kids [62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R] /Parent 15 0 R >> /Font << /TT1 226 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R Recently the Bright Tribe academy trust has been in the news over transactions with companies linked to the trusts founder. >> /Type /OCG It has significantly influenced the policies of the UK Conservative Party and is a set of political beliefs about how the country should be run. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /LastModified (D:20040616154335) << /Parent 17 0 R /Resources << /F4 123 0 R /TT1 226 0 R Access to better education. /Rotate 0 /TT1 121 0 R /Contents 128 0 R /Type /Page 10 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R Because so many people do not have an education, when they get older, it is damaging their life and the world as a whole. endobj >> /Properties << The idea behind league tables was to allow parents to easily assess which schools in their local areas are the best. /StructParents 61 People are denied an education because of where they live, who they are, and how much money they have. /MC0 129 0 R /Font << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page xref >> More lands have been brought to government possession for distribution to landless farmers. The school you go to still depends on where you live we see parents swapping council houses to come here. >> /Properties << /Contents 254 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> If the states in the U.S. are in charge of setting their own standards of education, then it creates a system where every territory, district, and legislature could set their own expectations for curriculum development. /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << << /Contents 219 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> 0000003916 00000 n >> /TT2 121 0 R The tripartite system of secondary education, implemented in the 1944 Act, offered three types of education after the age of 11: grammar schools for the most able, & Berliner David C. 1992. . /EmbeddedFiles 20 0 R %PDF-1.3 % /Prev 18 0 R /TT0 120 0 R Education Reformed: A Guide to the Education Reform Act . >> /TT1 121 0 R >> /TT3 159 0 R endobj /TT2 226 0 R >> >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /Parent 16 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 2 /StructParents 23 Schools see middle class students as easy to teach and likely to perform well. /TT1 121 0 R /Resources << >> >> /TT2 159 0 R Thirty years ago, a single piece of legislation transformed the schools landscape, launching a national curriculum and key-stage testing, and devolving power from local authorities to heads. /Properties << /GS0 125 0 R Several studies have shown that the improvements in the quality of education will increase GDP growth . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 121 0 R stream /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 264 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << /Contents 249 0 R >> << Those schools that dont perform so well will go out of business and either close down or be taken over by new management who will run things more efficiently. Gage, N.L. From 1980 parents were allowed to express a preference for the school they wanted to send their children too, the first time parents were realistically able to consider sending their children to schools miles away from where they lived. endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> 0000035523 00000 n >> >> << endobj /MC0 129 0 R << /Kids [82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R] 95 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Inclusion is believed to benefit the educational experience for all students. << /Resources << /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /GS0 125 0 R Parent choice and competition had barely registered on the national consciousness. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /Contents 277 0 R >> >> /Rotate 0 Students who go to sink schools stand little hope of doing well. /Properties << 34 0 obj >> /Parent 9 0 R Also, faith schools were allowed to select on the basis of faith. >> /Parent 17 0 R /Author (Tuomo Ruotanen) /MC0 129 0 R /ExtGState << /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R /Kids [92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R] >> >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R >> >> /GS0 125 0 R 0000006512 00000 n /Parent 13 0 R /Type /Page >> /Properties << endobj >> >> << << 0000003291 00000 n /TT1 159 0 R 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R /Font << /Parent 14 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page >> /Properties << /Properties << /ExtGState << /Properties << /ExtGState << There are too many bad case studies, often academy chains, being passed around and places where people dont want to work.. /Next 112 0 R >> 75 0 obj /Contents 274 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /ExtGState << >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R >> /Parent 13 0 R /Parent 16 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R endobj 66 0 obj /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 0000010001 00000 n /TT0 120 0 R This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 50 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /Font << /Contents 257 0 R The Education Reform Act ( 1988) (ERA) sets education within the context of the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils and of society. << An emphasis on individual freedom responsibility (they are against the welfare state). >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Properties << /Contents 221 0 R /Font << Twenty years after the introduction of the 1988 Education Reform Act (ERA), BELMAS (British Educational Leadership, Management & Administration Society) held a discussion forum for academics, teachers and all those interested in education policy and practice. /Type /Pages /MC0 129 0 R 109 0 obj /Properties << /Contents 290 0 R >> /Contents 253 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << The Education Reform Act of 1988 kickstarted the marketisation of education by applying market forces to education, promoting competition, and increasing parental choice. /StructParents 50 /Filter /FlateDecode /TT0 120 0 R /Count 10 endobj /Rotate 0 >> /Parent 12 0 R The education received throughout a childhood determines how the future will be for the new generation. Go compare-style websites ranking local schools are taken for granted. /MC0 129 0 R >> 80 0 obj /Type /Page /Parent 3 0 R /Resources << /Order [] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. << << /StructParents 76 /Properties << /Properties << << /Font << /Contents 242 0 R /Rotate 0 >> /Type /Page >> /Font << << >> >> /Font << /Resources << endobj /Font << 0000009252 00000 n >> To make this word schools have been required to publish a prospectus which includes their examination and test results since 1988. /Parent 17 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> << /Contents 260 0 R >> /Properties << stream >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] startxref >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Top-down federal and state . /Type /Page /StructParents 15 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /Contents 130 0 R 60 0 obj /Count 10 >> /Parent 13 0 R 96 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 159 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Over the following pages, three people who were directly involved . /Parent 17 0 R /RBGroups [] /TT2 159 0 R /TT2 121 0 R Freedom of choice. /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /Resources << 61 0 obj endobj /Font << 35 0 obj >> >> /Properties << >> /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 12 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /Type /Page Coleman (1992), however, /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R 17 0 obj >> /TT0 120 0 R It provided Three Core Subjects, Maths, English and Science, and Seven Foundation Subjects, Art, Music, Technology, History, Geography, A modern Foreign Language, and PE. /TT0 120 0 R Barely 10% of its pupils achieved five good GCSEs and attendance was chronically low. /Properties << By 3 August 1944 the . /GS0 125 0 R endobj /ExtGState << QUALITY education is viewed as any country's pillar of success. 9 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /Font << /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Outlines 3 0 R /Resources << 15 0 obj >> /Resources << More limited claims for the thesis are posited. /TT1 226 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /TT2 121 0 R >> /Rotate 0 >> /Properties << /TT1 121 0 R /Type /Page Phillips, who seriously considered academy conversion for his school but decided to stay within Lambeth local authority, believes the innovative instincts behind the early academies have evaporated in the rush for mass academisation. /Resources << >> Better local oversight of schools and stronger incentives for local collaboration, rather than national chains cherry picking little groups of schools, would be Phillips priorities. >> /Type /Page For more information, please visit our Permissions help page. << /Parent 13 0 R >> /Type /Page >> /Properties << And also there are some advantages the society and the economy can get from the k-12 program such as: The economy will experience accelerated growth in the long run. >> /TT2 121 0 R /Resources << 0000001632 00000 n /Parent 17 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << /ExtGState << /Contents 252 0 R The New Rights theory was that marketisation would improve efficiency in schools, which should automatically be achieved by making schools more competitive 0 therefore reducing the education budget. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 108 0 obj /Properties << << Thirty years on we may be ready for another all-encompassing Education Reform Act. /Contents 236 0 R Disadvantages. << >> 74 0 obj endobj /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] % /Parent 15 0 R Hi Karl, thanks for this really useful. >> /Rotate 0 >> Parent choice is here to stay, but the current lull in domestic policy could provide an opportunity for reflection on what has worked in the past 30 years and what could change in the future. /TT0 120 0 R >> /Rotate 0 << >> 36 0 obj /Rotate 0 endobj endobj /MC0 129 0 R /TT2 226 0 R We will write a custom Essay on Evaluation of Advantages and Disadvantages of Approaches to Curriculum Design specifically for you . /TT1 121 0 R << /ExtGState << >> /Kids [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R] Alternative types of schooling in the UK Faith schools Independent Special schools Home schooling Task: Give a definition for each types of school and give at least three advantages and disadvantages. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT1 226 0 R 69 0 obj /Font << /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R >> 2 The Affordable Care Act, or "ACA," is a national health-care reform bill that was passed in March 2010. /Contents [117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] In the past six months I have been researching a new book, The Best For My Child. endobj /Properties << /TT1 121 0 R /Properties << /Resources << << The Education Act 1998 defines educational disadvantage as "the impediments to education arising from social or economic disadvantage which prevent students from deriving appropriate benefit from education in schools". >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> 68 0 obj /Parent 9 0 R << /Parent 12 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 64 /Parent 10 0 R 14 0 obj /ExtGState << >> /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> << /ExtGState << /ExtGState << /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 6.0 \(Windows\)) /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. /Type /Page >> /Font << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 63 /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page >> >> /TT0 120 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 29 0 obj Education Reform Act 1988 (ERA88) onwards, we measured changes over time in the tendency for pupils with particular socio-economic characteristics to cluster in particular schools (termed segregation). 4 The agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs. /Parent 16 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Contents 228 0 R They will maintain the schools position in the league tables and its status in the education market. >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The Government aims to make schooling available to everyone with the help of NEP 2020. /Resources << endstream endobj 58 0 obj < :>x)/P -44/R 2/U($AA;KSE)/V 1>> endobj 59 0 obj <> endobj 60 0 obj <> endobj 61 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>/ExtGState<>>> endobj 62 0 obj <> endobj 63 0 obj <> endobj 64 0 obj <> endobj 65 0 obj [/ICCBased 83 0 R] endobj 66 0 obj [/Separation/PANTONE#20Red#20032#20C 65 0 R 84 0 R] endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <> endobj 69 0 obj <. endobj /StructParents 5 Poverty Reduction. /StructParents 54 /Parent 15 0 R Education Reform Act (1988) Aims To raise standards To make schools more accountable To run schools on 'market principles' and improve efficiency/competition To give parents (consumers) greater choice Creating an education 'market' so that schools were competing against each other for 'customers' (pupils). 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