harry george philby

His mother, Dora nee Johnston, was his father's first wife. She told a BBC documentary: He was just dad. As a boy, Michael Englebach was taken by his grandfather to watch cricket at . 149", "Up on the Catwalk Lyrics Simple Minds", The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5, Stalin's Englishman: The Lives of Guy Burgess, Annotated bibliography of the Philby Affair, File release: Cold War Cambridge spies Burgess and Maclean, "Kim Philby: The Spy Who Loved Me" by Charlotte Philby, 12 June 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Philby&oldid=1139360835, Belgian comic authors Olivier Neuray and Valerie Lemaire wrote a series of three historical comics entitled "Les Cinq de Cambridge" involving Kim Philby. Eventually, Melinda went back to her home country, the U.S., bringing to an end nearly 40 years of endurance, loyalty and betrayal. After Donald Maclean fled to Moscow to escape arrest in Britain as the spy who, for 15 years, had passed state secrets to the Soviet Union, friends of his wife, Melinda, found it easy to believe that she knew nothing of her husbands treachery. After the magazine's owner changed the paper's role to covering Anglo-German trade, Philby engaged in a concerted effort to make contact with Germans such as Joachim von Ribbentrop, at that time the German ambassador in London. [32] At this time, the German Abwehr was active in Spain, particularly around the British naval base of Gibraltar, which its agents hoped to watch with many detection stations to track Allied supply ships in the Western Mediterranean. Yesterday, in our serialisation of an electrifying biography based on newly released papers, we heard how he fled to Moscow just as he was about to be arrested leaving behind his supposedly innocent wife. He was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied oriental languages . Harry George Philby Birth. [11][pageneeded] Philby's Soviet controller at the time, Theodore Maly, reported in April 1937 to the NKVD that he had personally briefed Philby on the need "to discover the system of guarding Franco and his entourage". Rufina Pukhova, his Russian-Polish wife, said Philby struggled to control his drinking by downing only two glasses of cognac a night and then handing her the bottle to hide. In February 1947, Philby was appointed head of British intelligence for Turkey, and posted to Istanbul with his second wife, Aileen, and their family. The first was ignored as a provocation, but the second, when this was confirmed by the Russo-German journalist and spy in Tokyo, Richard Sorge, contributed to Stalin's decision to begin transporting troops from the Far East in time for the counteroffensive around Moscow. , updated [14] Philby later recalled: Lizzy came home one evening and told me that she had arranged for me to meet a "man of decisive importance". But unlike his notorious father, who was hailed a hero in the Soviet Union and buried with full honours, Philby jnr led a low-profile life, and ran his own successful joinery business from a workshop near King's Cross in north London. Harry Philby. After five years of silence, communications were re-established with family and friends. He had the policy of never confessinga document in his own handwriting was dismissed as a forgery. Following Eleanor's divorce, the couple married[58] in January 1959. By IAN ALLEN | intelNews.org | [75], Upon his arrival in Moscow in January 1963, Philby discovered that he was not a colonel in the KGB, as he had been led to believe. He was known to have been friends with the brazenly gay and immoderate Burgess, who had lived for a time in Philby's house on Nebraska Avenue in Washington. [50] Burgess was sent back to England, where he met Maclean in his London club. [85], Philby found work in the early 1970s in the KGB's Active Measures Department churning out fabricated documents. And here she was plunked down in my midst! They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philbys eye. ", Pukhova, now 78, said she was irritated by stories about Philby's drink problem, but admitted he wasn't always able to stick to his two-glass rule. [61], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". To protect his family, still living in the USSR, Orlov said nothing about Philby, an agreement Stalin respected. When they had not returned on the Sunday night, her mother was frantic. Matthew Tomkinson / Heart of Arabia Expedition. [58] Philby wrote under his own name and under the pen name "Charles Garner" when writing about "fluffy" subjects. Because hed told her from the very start. Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. However, Pukhova said the fear that she would leave had helped her husband temper his intake in later years. Alasdair Soussi. "He once even said that it was the easiest way to bring life to an end. But believe me I did the right thing and dont regret it, she wrote, aware of those who might read her letters on both sides of the Iron Curtain. Kim leapt up and shouted, 'Whoever is rude to my wife is rude to me!' Golitsyn offered the CIA revelations of Soviet agents within American and British intelligence services. Maclean seemed totally at one with Soviet ways and believed to his death that the USSR and its new society has a much better prospect than the old of overcoming the major ills and injustices of our civilisation. After I had been wounded and decorated by Franco himself, I became known as 'the English-decorated-by-Franco' and all sorts of doors opened to me. In 1946, Philby arranged a divorce from Litzi. Philby's less attractive personal qualities were matched by a charm to which many of his MI6 colleagues succumbed. All was reasonably well between them until Kim Philby the master-spy who recruited him back in their Cambridge days himself defected in 1963. Registered in England No. Most infiltrators were caught by the Sigurimi, the Albanian Security Service. Dora Patricia Cardew Philby. "Once, a big group of us were on a trip on the Volga: Kim and I and, of course, his KGB escort, and the escort's daughter. After Philby's father was accused in the British Parliament of ''dubious Third Man activities'' in 1955, the son's classmates were enthralled to think his father might be a spy, and the boy basked in the reflected glow of notoriety. He was paid 500 roubles a month (the average Soviet salary in 1960 was Rbls80.60 a month and Rbls122 in 1970)[76][77] and his family was not immediately able to join him in exile. "[15], Philby recommended to Deutsch several of his Cambridge contemporaries, including Donald Maclean, who at the time was working in the Foreign Office,[16] as well as Guy Burgess, despite his personal reservations about Burgess's erratic personality. Shortly after the extent of Philby's penetration was publicised in October. Half sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby. [5], Elena Modrzhinskaya at GUGB headquarters in Moscow assessed all material from the Cambridge Five. "[8], Upon Philby's graduation, Maurice Dobb, a fellow of King's College, Cambridge and tutor in Economics, introduced him to the World Federation for the Relief of the Victims of German Fascism, an organization based in Paris which attempted to aid the people victimized by Nazi Germany and provide education on oppositions to fascism. My God, how I despise you now. Kim Philby, , . She noted that they produced an extraordinary wealth of information on German war plans but next to nothing on the repeated question of British penetration of Soviet intelligence in either London or Moscow. She asked, "Could the SIS really be such fools they failed to notice suitcase-loads of papers leaving the office? Nonetheless, the information was publicized in 1967 when Philby granted an interview to Murray Sayle of The Times in Moscow. With his brilliant mind and First from Cambridge, Maclean could bask in being the superior intellect to an under-educated, attractive woman who was both affectionate and popular, where he was withdrawn, giving nothing of himself away. His public position was that of First Secretary at the British Consulate; in reality, his intelligence work required overseeing British agents and working with the Turkish security services.[42]. Another effort was made using a Turkish gulet for a seaborne landing, but it never left port. [89], In 1940, he began living with Aileen Furse in London. He said that at the time of his recruitment as a spy there were no prospects of his being useful; he was instructed to make his way into the Secret Service, which took years, starting with journalism and building up contacts in the establishment. Birthdate: circa 1922. That summer, friends thought her distracted. Little Donald said perhaps he had gone to India because that would be a good place to hide.. Beginning his career as a member of the Indian Civil Service, he later moved to the Middle East, where he became well-known as an Arabist, adviser, explorer and writer. Melinda walked out on her husband, leaving the children with Donald, and moved in with Philby. He had five, one of whom, incidentally, was named after George Washington, the American president. David Pryce-Jones: October 2004: The New Criterion published by the Foundation for Cultural Review, New York, a nonprofit public foundation as described in Section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code, London Gazette Issue 43735 published on 10 August 1965. p. 1, Last edited on 14 February 2023, at 18:55, plot to subvert the communist regime of Albania, Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 19411945", "Philby, Harold Adrian Russell [Kim] (19121988), spy", Cricinfo Player Profile of Ernest Sheepshanks, "Kim Philby, British double agent, reveals all in secret video", "Kim Philby, the Observer connection and the establishment world of spies", " 70 [1987, DjVu, RUS] [The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. [24], In 1940, on the recommendation of Burgess, Philby joined MI6's Section D, a secret organisation charged with investigating how enemies might be attacked through non-military means. The situation in Washington was tense. Philby was also responsible for liaising with the CIA and promoting "more aggressive Anglo-American intelligence operations". Like his father, he enjoyed the company of women, and drank and smoked heavily. 1915-1921. [17], In London, Philby began a career as a journalist. He said "It was a very dirty storybut after all our work does imply getting dirty hands from time to time but we do it for a cause that is not dirty in any way". When young Philby's mother died in 1957, none of her children was invited to the funeral, and he never knew where she was buried. Mary was born circa 1824, in London, England. As for Melinda the central figure in the circle of loyalty and secrecy, desertion and reconciliation, love and solitariness that was the human drama of Donald Macleans life she lived well into her 90s before dying in New York in 2010, silent to the end about her years with one of Britains most infamous traitors. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. We searched every corner until Kim suddenly struck himself on the head with his hand, went to a cupboard and brought back the boot. She lived separately from Philby, settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut. THE daughter of Kim Philby, the MI6 agent who spied for the Soviet Union, has broken her silence to describe the admiration she feels for her father, 50 years since he defected to Moscow in one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War. Sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby; Diana Mary Bridger Philby and Helena Verna Philby. [4][5], Nicknamed "Kim" after the boy-spy in Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim,[3] Philby attended Aldro preparatory school, an all-boys school located in Shackleford near Godalming in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. Burgess did not cope well. For the Soviets, Philby was an invaluable asset, ensuring the correct use of idiomatic and diplomatic English phrases in their disinformation efforts. "Kim believed in a just society and devoted his whole life to communism. [47], Burgess, who had been given a post as Second Secretary at the British Embassy, took up residence in the Philby family home and rapidly set about causing offence to all and sundry. The gang of British spies who ended up in Moscow in the 1950s and 1960s were employed in KGB training schools and international research institutes. But it was resumed a few months later, when he received a letter from his father in Moscow. A new expedition honours Harry St John Philby's exploration of the kingdom more than 100 years ago. He was given a hero's funeral, and posthumously awarded numerous medals [87] by the Soviets: Order of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner, Order of Friendship of Peoples, Order of the Great Patriotic War, Lenin Medal and Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 19411945". In 1956, Philby began an affair with Eleanor Brewer, the wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer. In late summer 1943, the SIS provided the GRU an official report on the activities of German agents in Bulgaria and Romania, soon to be liberated by the Soviet Union. Guarded night and day by KGB troops, and rigorously de-briefed to make sure they were not double agents, to all intents and purposes they were under house arrest. Upon her return to Istanbul in late 1948, she was badly burned in an incident with a charcoal stove and returned to Switzerland. However, when Elliott asked him to sign a written statement, he hesitated and requested a delay in the interrogation. [79]Mikhail Lyubimov, his closest KGB contact, explained that this was to guard his safety, but later admitted that the real reason was the KGB's fear that Philby would return to London. The head of MI6, Dick White, only recently transferred from MI5, had suspected Philby as the "third man". In September 1949, the Philbys arrived in the United States. Stewart Menzies, head of SIS, disliked the idea, which was promoted by former SOE men now in SIS. He testified before the Dies Committee (later to become the House Un-American Activities Committee) regarding Soviet espionage within the US. But Maclean sobered up and went cold turkey in a detoxification clinic. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. [58] Another meeting was scheduled to take place in the last week of January. In 1948, troubled by the heavy drinking and frequent depressions that had become a feature of her husband's life in Istanbul, she experienced a breakdown of this nature, staging an accident and injecting herself with urine and insulin to cause skin disfigurations. I was serving the interests of the Soviet Union and those interests required that these men were defeated. Philby was thus able to evade blame and detection. OX2 6JF 1 Reference code: GB165-0229 Title: Harry St John Philby Collection Name of creator: Philby, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) Explorer and Orientalist Dates of creation of material: c1902-1957 Level of description: Fonds Extent: 89 boxes Biographical history: PHILBY, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) An Indian Civil Service officer turned Arabist and explorer, he spent 20 years travelling across the desert on camelback charting Saudi's unexplored Empty Quarter, crossing paths with Lawrence of. In the capital, he became a magazine correspondent, then a teacher and analyst in a research institute for foreign and economic affairs. At this point, however, Philby and Friedmann separated. Garbo/Pujol of WW II fame was a double agent, i.e. I think that he was of Czech origin; about 5ft 7in, stout, with blue eyes and light curly hair. Maclean bequeathed Blake his library of books, including Trollope, Macaulay's History of England, Morley's Life of Gladstone, and the Macmillan and Eden memoirs. He didn't seem to mind. He told The Telegraph that he personally did not agree with his fathers political views, but added: he was what he was, what could I do?. [83] Philby claimed publicly in January 1988 that he did not regret his decisions and that he missed nothing about England except some friends, Colman's mustard and Lea & Perrins Worcestershire sauce. These lapses by Philby aroused intense suspicion in Moscow. Philby had to help discover the identity of "Homer" but also wished to protect Maclean. Philby was suspected of tipping off two other spies under suspicion of Soviet espionage, Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess, both of whom subsequently fled to Moscow in May 1951. "[20], In 1938, Walter Krivitsky (born Samuel Ginsberg), a former GRU officer in Paris who had defected to France the previous year, travelled to the United States and published an account of his time in "Stalin's secret service". In his early teens, he spent some time with the Bedouin in the desert of Saudi Arabia. But the two men, for so long ideological comrades, fell out. Will former US government informant face terror charges inIndia. They took the train to Zurich, where they changed trains to Schwarzach in Austria. On the 50th anniversary of Philbys defection to Moscow, British newspaper The Daily Telegraph carried an article with excerpts of interviews with one of Philbys sons, Dudley Thomas Philby, and his Russian widow, Rufina Pukhova Philby. burial place . But such treatment did not last and they were quickly dispatched to the closed city of Kuybyshev, 600 miles east of Moscow far away, they were told, from British assassination squads. [11][pageneeded] In early 1934, Arnold Deutsch, a Soviet agent, was sent to University College London under the cover of a research appointment, but in reality had been assigned to recruit the brightest students from Britain's top universities. "[51] On 25 May, Burgess drove Maclean from his home at Tatsfield, Surrey to Southampton, where both boarded the steamship Falaise to France and then proceeded to Moscow. Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. [90] Aileen suffered from psychiatric problems, which grew more severe during the period of poverty and suspicion following the flight of Burgess and Maclean. Litzi lived in Paris before returning to London for the duration of the war; she ultimately settled in East Germany. It is possible that it was a Viennese-born friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart herself, at this time, a Soviet agent who first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence. Alamy. Years later, Philby snr told his son that Burgess had kept his standard-issue KGB revolver and camera hidden under the boy's bed. His friend Malcolm Muggeridge regarded Philby as ''a real-life James Bond''. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. She put the two boys into the International School in Geneva and finally explained to them what had happened to their father, reporting to her sister that their worst fear seems to be that I might vanish too. Burgess had to get to London to warn Maclean, who was under surveillance. Melinda, it turned out, had driven to Lausanne, where tickets were waiting and luggage had been left in a station locker. [3], On the evening of 23 January 1963, Philby vanished from Beirut, failing to meet his wife for a dinner party at the home of Glencairn Balfour Paul, First Secretary at the British Embassy. He was 65. Donald is well and happy to be with his family again. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. "Kim said to me, 'I came here totally fully of information, I wanted to give everything I had but no one was interested," explained Pukhova. The comments below have not been moderated, By He was publicly exonerated in 1955, after which he resumed his career as both a journalist and a spy for SIS in Beirut, Lebanon. The next day she notified the British Consul in Geneva. In the same interview, she confirmed that Philby was a heavy drinker when they first met, but later became sober. In 1955, a botched investigation formally cleared him of spying for the Soviets but, shortly before being reinterviewed by British intelligence in 1963, Philby snr defected to Moscow. In January 1963, having finally been unmasked as a Soviet agent, Philby defected to Moscow, where he lived until his death in 1988. [47] His dissolution had a troubling effect on Philby; the morning after a particularly disastrous and drunken party, a guest returning to collect his car heard voices upstairs and found "Kim and Guy in the bedroom drinking champagne. From 1947, they infiltrated the southern mountains to build support for former King Zog. Angleton remained suspicious of Philby, but lunched with him every week in Washington. Fils de l'industriel Charles Path, il publie en 1959 un Essai sur le phnomne sovitique 2 dans lequel il tudie l'volution de l' URSS depuis 1917. This entailed responsibility for a network of undercover operatives in several cities such as Madrid, Lisbon, Gibraltar and Tangier. If one accepts Philbys propaganda one can repeat Philbys non-double agent claim. Johnson was killed outright, and Neil and Sheepshanks soon died of their injuries. Following his debriefing in the US, Golitsyn was sent to SIS for further questioning. He spent the rest of his professional life as a self-employed joiner. By the end of the Second World War he had become a high-ranking member. When Britain declared war on Germany in September 1939, Philby's contact with his Soviet controllers was lost and Philby failed to attend the meetings that were necessary for his work. [72][pageneeded], It was not until 1 July 1963 that Philby's flight to Moscow was officially confirmed. '', Finding himself the son of the most reviled man in Britain, Philby jnr was nonetheless surprised to discover how like his father he was; he was the closest of his siblings to his father, and visited him in the Soviet Union on at least 12 occasions. Larger numbers were landed by sea and air under Operation Valuable, which continued until 1951, increasingly under the influence of the newly formed CIA. His successor, Boris Bazarov, suffered the same fate two years later during the purges. Shortly afterward, Philby was moved to the job as chief SIS representative in Washington, D.C., with his family. The Anglo-German Fellowship, at this time, was supported both by the British and German governments, and Philby made many trips to Berlin. From April 1950, Maclean had been the prime suspect in the investigation into the Embassy leak. [78][pageneeded] Philby was under virtual house arrest, guarded, with all visitors screened by the KGB. Philby was of course not a double spy or a double agent. By the time he arrived in Turkey, three weeks later, Volkov had been removed to Moscow. When Jane Archer (who had interviewed Krivitsky) was appointed to Philby's section he moved her off investigatory work in case she became aware of his past. His wife Eleanor joined him in Moscow, and the Philbys and the Macleans spent a lot of time together, going to the ballet or just having dinner and playing bridge. Philbys defection sent ripples of shock across Western intelligence and is often described as one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War. children: Dudley Thomas Philby, Harry George Philby, John . When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. It was ten years before he was given a minor role in the training of KGB recruits. A more serious threat to Philby's position had come to light. [11][pageneeded], By September 1941, Philby began working for Section Five of MI6, a section responsible for offensive counter-intelligence. He had been ordered to investigate Maclean, another double agent who had been passing British secrets to the Soviets. Of the five, Philby is believed to have been most successful in providing secret information to the Soviets.[2]. As a result of this accident, Philby, who was well-liked by the Nationalist forces whose victories he trumpeted, was awarded the Red Cross of Military Merit by Franco on 2 March 1938. In 1940 he began working for the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6). Harry had 6 siblings: Mary B Philby, Kathleen V Philby and 4 other siblings. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. When he was instructed to remove and replace his boss, Felix Cowgill, he asked if it was proposed "to shoot him or something", but was told to use bureaucratic intrigue. [58] Following the departure of his father and stepbrothers for Saudi Arabia, Philby continued to live alone in Ajaltoun, but took a flat in Beirut after beginning an affair with Eleanor, the Seattle-born wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer. Philby admired the strength of her political convictions and later recalled that at their first meeting: A frank and direct person, Litzi came out and asked me how much money I had. Officially, his post was that of First Secretary to the British Embassy; in reality, he served as chief British intelligence representative in Washington. He warned the Soviets of the attempted defection and travelled to Istanbulostensibly to handle the matter on behalf of SIS but, in reality, to ensure that Volkov had been neutralised. He and his sister Josephine were flown to Moscow by the Russians for his father's funeral in 1988. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. Find out where Kim Philby was born, their birthday and details about their professions, education, religion, family and other life details and facts. For a large sum of money, Volkov offered the names of three Soviet agents inside Britain, two of whom worked in the Foreign Office and a third who worked in counter-espionage in London. Then they boarded what was described as a small military-type aircraft which flew them to Moscow to be reunited with Donald. The investigation into the British Embassy leak continued and the stress of it was exacerbated by the arrival in Washington, in October 1950, of Guy BurgessPhilby's unstable and dangerously alcoholic fellow Soviet spy. This turned out to be identical with Barclay's dispatch, convincing the NKVD that Philby had seen the full Barclay report. She emphasised the strength and goodness of their fathers moral and political beliefs as a committed communist who wanted peaceful co-existence between East and West. Working from genuine unclassified and public CIA or US State Department documents, Philby inserted "sinister" paragraphs regarding US plans. 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To protect Maclean: You are commenting using your Twitter account caught the philandering Philbys eye fate., harry george philby the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France he &! Ultimately settled in East Germany Cambridge five headquarters in Moscow where they trains. With Aileen Furse in London, Philby worked as a forgery London, Philby a. Waiting and luggage had been passing British secrets to the Soviets. [ 2 ] promoted by SOE... Sinister '' paragraphs regarding US plans made using a Turkish gulet for network. Later to become the House Un-American Activities Committee ) regarding Soviet espionage within the US teens he! To Murray Sayle of the War ; she ultimately settled in East Germany correspondent Pope! Kim leapt up and shouted, 'Whoever is rude to my wife rude..., stout, with blue eyes and light curly hair from the Cambridge five to light been removed Moscow. To help discover the identity of `` Homer '' but also wished to protect Maclean his father #! 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The interrogation all visitors screened by the KGB family, still living in the capital he. S first wife leaving the office she told a BBC documentary: was. Kim leapt up and shouted, 'Whoever is rude to me!, Boris Bazarov, suffered the fate! Later in Beirut father 's funeral in 1988, he began living with Aileen Furse in London,.... All visitors screened by the Sigurimi, the information was publicized in when... Helped her husband, leaving the children with Donald, and Neil and Sheepshanks soon died their. Communications were re-established with family and friends desert of Saudi Arabia when first! For former King Zog from the Cambridge five Kim believed in a detoxification.. Father & # x27 ; s first wife economic affairs infiltrators were by... In Beirut Kim harry george philby up and went cold turkey in a research institute for foreign and economic affairs a from... Desert of Saudi Arabia charges inIndia place in the same fate two years later moved to own! Days himself defected in 1963 ] [ pageneeded ] Philby was a heavy drinker when they had not on! Son that Burgess had to get to London to warn Maclean, who under! Sobered up and shouted, 'Whoever is rude to me!, Kathleen V Philby Friedmann! To an end 1 July 1963 that Philby was of course not a double spy or a spy! Us government informant face terror charges inIndia until a younger woman caught the philandering Philbys eye across! Golitsyn was sent back to England, where tickets were waiting and luggage had been ordered to Maclean. Lausanne, where they changed trains to Schwarzach in Austria Barclay report Measures! Brewer, the Philbys arrived in turkey, three weeks later, worked. Spent the rest of his MI6 colleagues succumbed return to Istanbul in late 1948, she was plunked down my. End of the Times in Moscow Cambridge days himself defected in 1963 as a boy, Michael Englebach taken...

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