difference between china and us political system

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The economy has grown 36-fold over the past three decades, chiefly because of market-oriented reforms that have created a vibrant private sector, which now accounts for about two-thirds of Chinas GDP. (More than 33 million people were jobless and waiting for relief as of late April.) Democracy has since then been core in the entire political system (Borner, Brunetti & Weder, 2016). The authors suggest that those assumptions are rooted in three essentially false beliefs about modern China: (1) Economics and democracy are two sides of the same coin; (2) authoritarian political systems cant be legitimate; and (3) the Chinese live, work, and invest like Westerners. Only a sudden surge of such events would herald an economic crisis. Chinas rapid economic growth is the result of its embrace of a market economy and private enterprise. Exploding unemployment exposed the wide wealth gap in U.S. society. That focus on securing short-term gain is why the young asset manager in Shanghai left a good long-term job for a relatively small but immediate pay raisebehavior that still plagues many businesses trying to retain talent and manage succession pipelines in China. Wherever PAG operates, we adhere to the same environmental, social, and governance policies. Its GDP dropped 6.8% in the first quarter of 2020, but resumed growth from the second quarter onward. Political credibility and economic development. Second, the economic structure is different. What are the dangers in Americas continued demonization of China? He was born in China, and his life was upended during the Cultural Revolution, when he was sent off to do farm labor in the Gobi Desert. Furthermore, it is important for nations to be flexible when it comes to global market system and change laws when necessary in order to attract investment and grow the economy like China did. People who do take long-term career risks often do so only after fulfilling their primary need for short-term security. The Peoples Republic of China is still one of the few countries in the world that follow the communist government structure and is led by a one-party system. On the foreign front, China never tried to pressure anyone to conform to its domestic political system but instead not only respects, but celebrates, their differences. At every point since 1949 the Chinese Communist Party has been central to the institutions, society, and daily experiences that shape the Chinese people. The harsh reality of the pandemic has given rise to political competition with characteristics not seen before, sounding the alarm for future bilateral relations. In Charting China's Future (pp. The executive branch of the government focuses on enforcing the laws and policies and includes major political figures such as the President and the Cabinet. 13 Cultural Differences Between the U.S. and China Social Structure Confrontation/Conflict Self Face/Reputation Business Relations Morals Recognition of the Dead Humility Time Sensitivity Respect Multiculturalism Lack of Personal Space Respect for Elders 1. Learn how to overcome barriers when working globally. Accelerate your career with Harvard ManageMentor. China has also defied predictions that its authoritarianism would inhibit its capacity to innovate. As to the orientation of a new era, however, the Trump administration has yet to offer any answers or insights. Additionally, the continued flourishing of various technological advancements has allowed nations to grow by accessing the information from other nations and comparing it with what they have and consequently making changes where necessary. Looking into the future, the path for China-U.S. cooperation will become more tortuous owing to the nationalist ideological struggle triggered by the coronavirus. (2016). Given the unique features of China's political and economic system, the government can directly affect the carbon market . One thing hasnt changed, though: Many Western politicians and business executives still dont get China. One reason China can spend so much on infrastructure is that its defense budget, after years of increases, is still only about a quarter that of the United States. The point is that a China-based supply chain has proved a blessing, not a curse, in this pandemic. Policy makers, in contrast, looking for ways to gain more control and sovereignty over the future, now play a much longer game than the West does. A cleaner in Chongqing now owns several apartments because the CCP reformed property laws. Nevertheless, these changes do not seem to stand any chance of influencing its foreign policymakers, who remain convinced of their system's superiority relative to all others. Pundits tend to be alarmed by a default here and there. In terms of political system, China is unique to all other countries in the world since up to date it is still run by a Communist party (Nolan, 2012). Seventy years on, many Chinese believe that their political system is now actually more legitimate and effective than the Wests. In contrast, the U.S. always does the inverse and never misses an opportunity to pressure others in increasingly creative ways. Americans focus on speed and efficiency and will hurry to get things done quickly. Accept that economic development in China will not inevitably lead to democracy; acknowledge that the Chinese regard their government as both legitimate and effective; and recognize that while Chinese consumers have short-term horizons, their rulers are focused on the countrys long-term security. Such ideas may appear very different from the outward-facing, Confucian concepts of benevolence and harmony that China presents to its international, English-speaking audience. If a business is successful, its usually open to taking outside capital so that it can quickly expand nationwide. Decisionsby both individuals and the stateabout how to invest all serve one purpose: to provide security and stability in an unpredictable world. Moving from Beijing to Shanghai has made my Mandarin worse. But because this is also a Leninist system, those issues are of critical importance to Chinese leaders, who wont change their minds about them, however effective or helpful their foreign partners are economically. Civic engagement ensures that the government is serving the people and not the other way around. U.S. self-identification has been shaken under these circumstances. Those countries have since 1945 been pluralist democracies with independent judiciaries. The article reflects the author's views and not necessarily those of CGTN. A democratic state is supposed to be free and fair, and the President of the country is also chosen by the citizens to lead them through the crisis and to provide them with basic necessities and human rights. Sorry, but it's not possible to copy the text due to security reasons. But because human beings tend to believe that other humans make decisions as they do, this may be the most difficult assumption for Westerners to overcome. We have both sat in meetings where business executives, particularly in the technology and pharmaceutical sectors, expressed surprise at Chinas insistence that they transfer ownership of their IP to a Chinese company. Losing the China market will be costly for American tech companies and deprive them of funds for further R&D. For the Chinese, the key to those outcomes is respect for an appropriate hierarchy, itself a means of control. The nominations of all the candidates are not done through their own accord or will but need to be nominated by the CCP, and this is done through the election committee that then consults a group of voters through what is called the three ups and three downs. The economic nationalism model that ultimately serves U.S. economic interests. Also, while its relatively easy to shift the sourcing of a low-value-added product from China to Vietnam or Mexico, how can you move an entire supply chain with many indigenous players? Here and there, yes, but not in a meaningful way in general, and not without harm to itself. By comparison, progress on these issues is for Western economies extremely slow. China is among the most open markets in the world: It is the largest trading nation and also the largest recipient of foreign direct investment, surpassing the United States in 2020. What has caused the frequent conflicts between the two countries? Whatever its intentions may be, there's no longer any denying that the Biden administration has double standards towards diversity at home and abroad, which hints at ulterior motives towards one, the other, or perhaps both of these approaches. But in China the consumer applications have come faster, making more obvious the link between government investment and products and services that benefit individuals. Disclaimer: ProEssays.net is a custom writing service that provides online on-demand writing work for assistance purposes. ChatGPT has become a sensation since its public release in November, with its ability to produce plausible responses to text prompts, including requests to write essays. 808 certified writers online. Beijing expats speak Mandarin better than Shanghai ones. Chinas recent history means that Chinese people and the state approach decisions very differently from Westernersin both the time frames they use and the risks they worry about most. This paper will compare two great countries the United States and China by looking in details how and why their legal and political systems differ, explain what determines the level of economic development in each country. Majority of China's production companies are owned and managed by the government. Its currency appreciated 6% against the dollar last year. In the legislative branch of the government, the members of the Congress are elected through municipal and regional congresses, which can only have members of the Chinese Communist party which are responsible for the creation of policies and laws that affect the livelihood of the citizens of China which the judicial branch oversees and upholds. Order original essay online with 25% off. The United States government structure is one of the largest democracies in the world and has been considered by many as one of the perfect democracies which the country and its citizens have prided themselves over. What to Know. Today he is the CEO of PAG, a $40 billion private equity firm based in Hong Kong. Investors anywhere should invest in a socially responsible way to advance human rights, adhering to a high standard for labor practices, gender equality, investment in human capital, and charitable contributions. She bought a flatthe first time anyone in her familys history had owned property. It is, therefore, against nature itself and arguably a violation of international human and legal rights for anyone to attempt to get rid of diversity, which is exactly what the U.S. is trying to do all across the world through its messianic zeal in imposing its political system onto all others. Depending on the conditions surrounding a case, the law system allows special consideration to such as a case. Lobbying groups have more of an influence on the government of the United States than the citizens themselves, which creates the question if the US is more pluralist or elitist, and the matter of the fact is that the US is not really a representative republic but rather a pluralist oligarchy. The main difference between Chinese and US politics is the political ideologies, and one is founded on a democratic yet capitalist system while the other has been led through decades on a Communist and one-party system. Access more than 40 courses trusted by Fortune 500 companies. Until Western companies and politicians understand this and revise their views, they will continue to get China wrong. Corporatism also recognizes only one organization as its sole representative, which can be seen through the CCP (Chan, 1994). This shared quest for predictability explains the continuing attractiveness of an authoritarian system in which control is the central tenet. The Chinese spent countless hours restructuring their legal system to closer represent those in the Western business. Its monetary policy is reasonably tight, with the yield on government bonds about 3.5 times that on U.S. Treasuries. The task, in both China and the West, is to reduce the gap between the ideal of basic human rights and the reality. Provide your email for sample delivery, You agree to receive our emails and consent to our Terms & Conditions. Solve your problem differently! Dictatorship, Gun Control: Legal, Psychology and Political Viewpoint, Difference Between Criminal and Civil Court System. Westerners failure to appreciate this explains why many still expect China to reduce its role as investor, regulator, and, especially, intellectual property owner when that role is in fact seen as essential by the Chinese government. Bidens proposals have been criticized as new wine in old bottles, and a kind of tinkering; Trump is regarded by Henry Kissinger as marking the end of an old era. Canadian jurisdiction is the opposite; if it's not left to the Provinces, it's most likely the responsibility of the federal government. Delivery in 6+ hours! The nationalist identification model that serves the U.S. goal of self-identification. One example is the reinvention in the late 2010s of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. However, the beliefs and positions of political parties change over time, so . China is also Apples biggest market for iPhones: It has about twice as many iPhone users as the United States does. Are you seeing a significant shift in supply chains out of China? A median of 41% across the 14 EU member nations surveyed name China, compared with a median of 39% who say the same about the United States. Born in 1955, she experienced as a child the terrible Great Leap Forward famine in which 20 million Chinese starved to death. Would you like to get this essay by email? Worse, the U.S. has displayed an institutional helplessness in the face of such fundamental problems. Yet they found common ground to work in mutually beneficial ways. It is a global leader in AI, biotech, and space exploration. China's lead over the U.S. is especially clear in Germany, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic and France, where people are at least 10 percentage points more likely to see China as the leading economy. While hierarchy and equality may appear to the post-Enlightenment West to be antithetical concepts, in China they remain inherently complementary. Voter suppression has been reported through disenfranchising people of color, through restrictions placed on mail-in voting that can cause irregularities in the system and strict voter ID laws that can contribute to issues that can cause certain people to not place votes(McKeever, 2020). 9. Despite the new Democratic government's support of domestic diversity, it continues hostile Trump-era policies intended to pressure China, Russia and others into conforming with the U.S.'s political demands. The world will be lifeless and dull if there is only one single model and one single civilization." Additionally, in such a system, services and products are distributed and offered by the individuals working privately and independently with limited regulation from the government. Our own experiences on the ground in China confirm this. Springer. The Communist Party of China (CPC) harbors no supremacist beliefs and doesn't plan to export its governing model abroad. Political credibility and economic development. For much of its turbulent modern history, China has been under threat from foreign powers, both within Asia (notably Japan) and outside it (the UK and France in the mid 19th century). For companies that want to venture into international businesses, it is important to investigate the legal system of that country and how it can affect their day to day business in that nation. China and the United States significantly differ in terms of the economic, legal and political system but this does not stop them from being the top two nation with the biggest economy worldwide. Civic engagement is not just on an individual basis but is also done through the use of groups and communities. China, meanwhile, doesn't apply any such double standards. They still blame foreign interference for many of their misfortunes, even if it occurred more than a century ago. When individuals have the powerto realize their dreams, they will demand a greater say.. And only the U.S. can threaten Americas economic supremacyby underinvesting in its own infrastructure and by limiting trade. Between 1990 and 2009, investment from China to all of Latin America was about $7 billion. Its a plausible narrative. -- The CPC is at the core of the country's leadership and the ruling party, while the non-communist parties are participating parties. Examination of School Shootings and Student Safety from International and Non-International Armed Conflict, Comparison Between Democracy Vs. Hill, C. (2017). The CPC runs the country while the other non communist parties play the role of participatory. In 2020 China had more billionaires than the U.S. did, and it outpaces the U.S. three to one in minting them. In context, the United States should be more pluralistic as it prides itself to be a melting pot, but it can be considered more of an elitist democracy. What the Chinese government does oppose is the system of electoral democracy as . Chinas high-speed rail could cover the distance between Boston and Chicago in about four hours, whereas Amtraks fastest service takes 22 hours. At 22,000 miles, it is twice as long as the rest of the worlds combined. In fact, the Chinese word for the resolution of a conflict (jiejue) can imply a result in which one side overcomes the other, rather than one in which both sides are content. 10. Business in the United States moves at a different pace from China. Consequently, running international businesses has become significantly easier than ever before. Even though the nominations are provided by the CCP, citizens can vote for their township and village elections, and in some places, there are direct elections. The country will need to continue to reform and privatize its state-owned firmsand shift from investment to private consumptionor it will not be able to sustain its growth. Does that create new investment opportunities? While Bidens policy proposals reflect fading U.S. hegemonistic attitudes, Trump is showing Americans the status quo of U.S. power. Eventually he came to the United States, where he earned a masters and a PhD at UC Berkeley, worked for the World Bank and J.P. Morgan, and taught at the Wharton School. In conclusion, it is not possible to have a unanimous decision on which political and economic practice is best for the entire universe. Political discourse in China remains anchored in Marxist-Leninist ideas of struggle (douzheng) and contradiction (maodun)both seen as attributes that force a necessary and even healthy confrontation that can help achieve a victorious outcome. Similarities and Differences: US vs. China There are both very strikingly similarities and differences compared with their American counterparts in regards to culture and institutions. Springer. Responding, however, will only escalate a lose-lose war, and the entire international community will suffer as a result. Hence the old joke that Chinas definition of a win-win scenario is one in which China wins twice. China's political system encourages parties, organizations, and representatives from various circles of Chinese society to discuss basic policy as well as important political, economic, cultural and social issues. The CPC runs the country while the other non communist parties play the role of participatory. She was a Red Guard as a teenager, screaming adoration for Chairman Mao while her parents were being re-educated for being educated. That means not that these people are unconcerned with long-term outcomes but, rather, that their risk aversion increases significantly as the time frame lengthens. However, the long-term effects cannot be fully accessed at the moment. The Chinese premier less so. GM sells more cars in China than in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico combined. For international business management of doing business in a country like China, it can sometimes get hard since it is not possible to function liberally as in a democratic nation. It continues apace. Chinas history continues to color its view of international relationsand in large part explains its current obsession with the inviolability of its sovereignty. Although there are key historical and political differences between China's relationship to Taiwan and Russia's relationship to Ukraine, there are parallels, too, especially in the present . For any deep analysis of the ideological aspects of the China-U.S. rivalry to be complete, two questions need to be answered: What political interests do the ideologies serve, and in what forms are they presented? The critical distinction is that the Chinese system is not only Marxist, its Marxist-Leninist. Additionally, human development is also key for countries to realize full economic growth. In China, the legal system "is based on civil laws" (Nolan, 2012). HBR Learnings online leadership training helps you hone your skills with courses like Global Collaboration. References Borner, S., Brunetti, A., & Weder, B. There are major differences in the political views of people from different nations.. eligion is another topic that creates differences among cultures.. The pluralist theory denounces such centralization of power, especially in the hands of the rich or a small percentage reflecting the population, but it does support the idea of groups that control the government such as lobbying groups which are present in the country such as the NRA (OpenStax, 2020). The Biden administration is expected to restore that policy and to work within the rules of international institutions, which I expect will defuse tensions. The real danger is the Taiwan issue. The elite theory focuses on the notion that only a select group of people actually run the government, which are considered elite, while the pluralist theory states that political power is rather shared between the influencing parties. However, both states have a very different political landscape, which is what will be discussed in the paper today. Chinas rulers see foreign engagement as a source less of opportunity than of threat, uncertainty, and even humiliation. We are using Google Analytics to enhance your experience. The PRC isn't just pragmatic, but also respectful towards all of its partners. Chinas rulers, therefore, see foreign engagement as a source less of opportunity than of threat, uncertainty, and even humiliation. Its stated purpose was to reduce Americas trade deficit. Some have expressed optimism that Chinas need for control will lessen after theyve proved their worth as partners. Trade wars, nationalism, and the pandemic have led many companies to question their supply chain strategyin particular basing manufacturing in China, thousands of miles from their markets. Ambition like that cant be realized without state interventionrelatively fast and easy but often brutal in China. From the depth of their hearts, Americans confront the reality that the beacon of freedom has to learn from the authoritarian government of communist China in some respects. There are several major differences: China's system is based on the governance of one political party only (China has 8 other parties that serve in a consultative role). /Getty. Many people have wrongly assumed that political freedom would follow new economic freedoms in China and that its economic growth would have to be built on the same foundations as in the West. In fact, China is the only G20 country to have posted positive growth. China and the United States significantly differ in terms of the economic, legal and political system but this does not stop them from being the top two nation with the biggest economy worldwide. The space for the two sides to compromise and collaborate has narrowed extremely rapidly. 55-64). During the Cold War in the 20th century, and particularly afterward, the U.S. sought to establish and consolidate its leadership role in the international community in the name of freedom and democracy so much so that U.S. hegemony was also often referred to as hegemonic liberalism.. Therefore, a country's political system can be assessed effectively by using aspects such as collectivism or individualism and totalitarianism or democracy. Some distinctions between the parties. Citizen engagement is a necessary facet of not just American politics but also a democratic state. In Canada, it is a . The geographic location factor is important since it dictates how well a country can be accessed to do business with and both China and United States have good locations since they are connected to water bodies. China is still in the process of building a social safety net that is largely undefined and underfunded, and it has no tax on personal capital gains. Under the pressure of aggregated economic inequality brought by globalization, and the army of unemployed people already displaced by new technologies, the U.S. government faces severe structural constraints under the present model of state-market and state-society interactions. However, the country does have branches of government that also include the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government. Comparision between US, UK, and China's Political Systems The United States Of America is a liberal democratic country, and the basic elements of democracy (majority rule, government by popular consent, one person one vote, and competitive elections, to name a few) are revered. Not completely and not without very high costs. Is it that Chinas development doesnt conform with the values of freedom and democracy, or that Chinas growing strength is a threat to U.S. hegemony? For liberals (in China and elsewhere), this is an appalling prospect; but for many ordinary people in China, its a perfectly reasonable part of the social contract between the individual and the state. A nation that practice individualism and democracy is more likely to have an economic system that is market-based and this is more desirable since it allows businesses to produce what their products maximally thereby making desirable profits. -- China's system of political parties is a system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), not a Western-style multiparty system. The legal system of a country establishes regulations and laws that maintain and indicate the basic values of an entire nation. Both countries have a Judicial, Executive, and Legislative branch. A. The logic of national identification is rough and simple under this construct: Because it is China, I oppose it; the WHO endorses China, so I oppose the WHO; CNN gave positive coverage of China, so I oppose CNN. Chinas is the only major economy that requires no special approval for foreign direct investments, although some sectors, such as Lived Change media and the internet, are on a negative list that restricts them. (2022, May 17). For instance, a business that wants to invest in China from the US, it must be prepared for more restrictions and should not expect Chines courts to consider the condition that leads to a certain situation since their law does not permit this. Businesspeople and politicians in the West hold outdated beliefs about the second-largest economy in the world. Shanghainese are up-to-date on the newest trends, whereas Beijingers prefer Qing Dynasty fashion. Federal and state governments wrangled and blamed each other over the pandemic response, exposing public discontent with the efficacy and legitimacy of the government, as well as the internal strife in society. When the United States formed its constitution, it specifically dictated the unalienable rights of every person. Hire a professional with VAST experience! With less than a quarter of Chinas population, America has a death toll about 100 times Chinas and counting. The . they are digging deep to create the city's first metro system and doing so in just five years' time . Its just not liberal reform. The main difference between Chinese and US politics is the political ideologies, and one is founded on a democratic yet capitalist system while the other has been led through decades on a Communist and one-party system. Even though China is diverse in its ethnic groups, it is still a relatively high homogenous group, which is also reflected in its politics. Advantages and Disadvantages of Bellwether Cases, The Conundrum of Non-Criminalization of Marital Rape in India, Examination of School Shootings and Student Safety from Public Administration Viewpoint. The president controls the army. First, the similarities among both countries institutions would be the hierarchical construction of their judicial system; the separation of three branches of . In 2019 that market reached $6 trillion, surpassing the U.S. level of $5.5 trillion. HBR Learnings online leadership training helps you hone your skills with courses like Global Collaboration. : Statist Legacies and Market Reforms, 1980-90: Statist Legacies and Market Reforms, 1980-90. The complete Spotlight package is available in a single reprint. When Nixon first visited China, in 1972, the differences between the two countries were vast, in political and economic systems and of course in ideology. Focus on speed and efficiency and will hurry to get China wrong than the U.S. has an! 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Like Global Collaboration has also defied predictions that its authoritarianism would inhibit its capacity to innovate on, Chinese. If there is only one single model and one single model and one model... Investment from China to all of Latin America was about $ 7 billion, a. Its stated purpose was to reduce Americas trade deficit our Terms & conditions policy reflect... U.S. three difference between china and us political system one in which control is the CEO of PAG, a country 's political system (,... Individual basis but is also key for countries to realize full economic growth is the system of a country regulations... Political and economic system, the U.S. goal of self-identification U.S. did, even. But is also Apples biggest market for iPhones: it has about twice as long as the United moves! Definition of a win-win scenario is one in which China wins twice policy proposals reflect fading U.S. hegemonistic attitudes Trump! 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