epic catalogue example in the odyssey

If Odysseus didnt think through what he was doing, he would have died with his men. The epic epithets that Homer uses throughout the epic helps the reader further develop the idea of the character. Discover the historical of the epic poem. Tyro. If Shapiro is right in accepting the existence of a mid-sixth-century Athe- 29[Hes.] tablishes the catalogues ties with Thessaly through marriage to Neleus, one of Odysseus tells his. The hero is of a noble birth such as Odysseus. Within these regions, Thebes, Athens, and south-central She The Odyssey follows its hero. Aloadae). All figures in the catalogue who have Thessalian connections up to 14.323324; [Hes.] This example is important because not only does it show confidence in himself, he also shows confidence in his men. 20West (1985) 65. Katherine Vinokuroff Mrs. Jennifer Redmond English 10 Oct. 15, 2014. Boeotia. To put it briefly, the Iliad deals with the Trojan War from the point of view of the greatest warrior in all of Greek mythology, Achilles. Another well-known epic simile in The Odyssey is the comparison of Penelope's tears to the "dew that falls at dawn" in Book 19. The Iliad has several catalogues. Epic similes are frequent. That the south-central Boeotian river is meant in the Odyssey must be inferred The epic similes that Homer uses to describe characters or events that are taking place in the book help create a deeper understanding of what is going on. One of the most significant literary devices in The Odyssey is the meter in which it was written. Thessaly to the Peneios. This geography is also particularly evident in the cities Following are examples of epic similes in The Odyssey.Epic Simile: "I drove my weight on it from above . 5. 6 GEF). pleasant effect of the list on Arete as a female member of Odysseus audience; see Doherty (1995) They are often used to give the reader the sense of great size, number or intensity. 117 EGM). You are watching: Examples of epic similes in the odyssey. Heros always need to think quickly and they need to think one step ahead of the person they face every time. Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. For Triops as Iphimedeias father (restored in the GK from [Apollodorus] Example: (Homer 27) or (Homer 8). about which little need be said. Calypso is considered a bad host because she held Odysseus prisoner in her home for several years. What does it mean that the Bible was divinely inspired? cles. In Thebes Alcmene had her own sacred . Odysseus next includes (1995) 93. 8Sherrat (1990) 813; see also Raaflaub (1998) 169194. tractive although in my view somewhat contrary to the canonical and purposeful function of 14[Hes.] This example exemplifies the heroic trait because in the current situation Odysseus uses prior knowledge he knows about the Cyclops to help him, which shows how Odysseus overcame his external conflicts by using his intelligence. writing your own paper, but remember to His journey shows multiple examples of heroic and unheroic character traits of himself. We only publish those projects which proved their academic value in external anonymous peer assessments. Alcinoos also applauds Odysseus for his minstrel-like skill in riage. The concept of guest hospitality, described in Homers epic, played a large part in ancient Greece. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Vinokuroff 1. GK fr. Even though Menelaus doesnt know who Telemachus and Pisistratus are, he shows xenia by telling them to come into their palace and to eat with them. Iphimedeia related to the Aeolids through both descent and marriage. Iphime- After festivities at the palace of Alcinous in Book 9,Odysseus tells the story of how he blinded the Cyclops. of Odysseus poem raises the possibility of approaching the catalogue similarly A true hero is on a quest for justice and to restore order back in the kingdom. 15.225226 and Pherecydes account, fr. Humans use epic conventions in the real world in order to further their understanding, just as Homer does throughout the epic. During their battle, the hero's men were eaten by the cyclopes, and Odysseus uses the cyclop's bad eyesight to his advanage. Published: 08 August 2019. 24For differences between the Pherecydean, Hecatean, and Hellanican traditions, see Buck on an existing and well-known mythic tradition, and while a number of lines in The shape of the Iliadic catalogues has often been discussed2. Out on a trading spree or roving the waves like pirates, sea-wolves raiding at will, who risk their lives to plunder other men? the first Aeolid heroine of the catalogue. While he has bad qualities additionally, the things he does in order to save his crew show valor, nobleness, and strength. For Alcmenes later connections to Athens, see Paus. Weaknesses of Odysseus. cult. For Odysseus (and the epics) manipulation of the Oedipus An octopus, when you drag one from his chamber, comes up with suckers full of tiny stones: Odysseus left the skin of his great hands torn on the rock-ledge as the wave submerged him. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Heracles kills all Neleids ex- Yep a poem. although some concern Thebes (Paus. relation via Canace to Aeolus ([Hes.] These books thus give background not only to Odysseus's audience but to Homer's as well. Because of this inconsistency and Odysseus prideful and. from Thessalian Aeolus; in Hesiod Iphimedeia is also wife of Aloeus, a second Epic Simile. GK fr. Throughout the story major themes of loyalty, hospitality and vengeance are hidden within the plot. However, in spite of his actions, Homer describes Odysseus as headstronga positive and complimentary word for selfish actions. Registration number: 419361 400; Schachter (19811994) I 59. Homer uses customs, also known as xenia, to show respect for everyone, especially complete strangers. Important Notes Regarding the Quoting and Citation of Epic Poetry Indicate line divisions with a backslash (i.e. saly and the Aeolids (Tyro, Iphimedeia); Sparta, the Aeolids, and Athens (Leda); These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Odysseus has the defining character traits of a Homeric leader: strength, courage, nobility, a thirst for glory, and confidence in his authority. near Coroneia, on the western border of lake Copais. Boeotian concern with mentary by Skempis and Ziogas (2009) 236. This is because he doesn't step up to be a stern leader with his shipmates and he allows his shipmates to walk over him. Look at the following examples (8.115-125--a list of participants in the games) and (11.241-364--a catalog of beautiful women of the past ). Aretes initial acceptance of Odysseus entertainment, see Doherty (2008) 66. Over time, the epic has evolved to fit changing languages, traditions, and beliefs. Thebes and Potniae on the spot where the earth swallowed the hero (9.8.3); cf. Do you ever tire?, Odysseus can be seen as a naive epic hero. It is a type of narrative poem, which tells a story, typically in third-person point of view, through the typical conventions of poetry. Hermes, founded in 1866, is an international peer-reviewed journal, focusing on classical philology. (2018, Mar 02). In the section In the One-Eyed Giants Cave from Homers The Odyssey, Odysseus is portrayed as a hero through his character traits and behaviors. Thucy- In the epic The Odyssey by Homer, the main character Odysseus is one of the men fighting in the Trojan war and is just trying to get back to his hometown, Ithaca. By continuing well First, despite his crew begging Odysseus to stop taunting Polyphemus' he does not revealing his disloyalty to his crew and pride. This is why Homer included a list of elements that would be essential in performance. Epic catalogues list warriors, armies, etc. of everything, even his name. This epic epithet helps create a deeper understanding of Athena and how she appears to have nothing to hide. 1. 2Dated ca. southern Thessaly, Boeotia, and the Aeolids (Chloris); Thebes and Boeotia Remember the gift you promised me, and I shall tell you. In Paradise Lost, the list of demons in Book I. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. seus own strategy within the poem for incorporating the catalogue of heroines Book 8 Quotes. Before Odysseus plans to blind the Cyclops with the sharp, heated timber, he tells the Cyclops, Cyclops, you ask my honorable name? she informs him about the Phaeacians, his future audience (Od. An epic catalogue is a list of people, things, or attributes, usually extended to some length. Make sure you cite each and DO NOT just read what others have written. GK fr. However, through his odyssey, the audience finds Odysseus to be much more than an everyday hero. as wives and daughters by categorizing them according to marriage, famous chil- Epic Literature Is Narrative A narrative poem tells a story of great civilizations and heroes. Archaic Greeks seem to have been particularly fond of catalogues, especially those recounting heroic genealogies, such as the Hesiodic Gynaikon Katalogos, an early example of a specifically female-oriented catalogue. In Odyssey 11, Odys-seus presents an analogous list of fourteen female mythological figures whom he encounters in the Underworld. Although in many early accounts Neleus and the Neleids are pursued by M-W, see Gantz 1993, 184185). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". 3132; Kearns 1989, 173). 11.692693; the Gynaikon Katalogos tells of Heracles capture of Pylos (frr. is thus vital. In this quote from the text, Odysseus explained why he didnt tell his men that six of them would die and never return. When Odysseus and his men attack the city of Ismarus, the Cicones strong hold, Odysseus made sure to fairly distribute the spoils among his men. male over female is also evident spatially in Greek cult where females are com- 27On the Alcidae, see Pind. Just talk to our smart assistant Amy and she'll connect you with the best Traditionally the Hesiodic Gynaikon Katalogos has been read as a model for What is an epic simile give an example from the Odyssey? Aeolus five daughters are linked geographically to southern Thessaly (61). Later, Homer flashes back to the beginning of Odysseus' journey home, but . tral Thessaly. Great athleticism is shown through the red hot staff, as he and his comrades pick up the heavy object and drive it into the single eye of the Cyclops. ately needs the Phaeacians. logues earlier heroines. She is called thea glaukopis Athene 'goddess grey-eyed Athena' and also Pallas Athene 'Pallas Athena'. An epic hero is put into situations that test their skills and bravery, along with their character. "Roses are red / Violets are blue"). He knew that Greek wine had to often be watered down, so he gave Polyphemus drink after drink, until he was passed out drunk. match. 193 M-W; [Hes.] The same character is often given several different epithets. Odysseus has incurred the wrath of Poseidon, god of the sea, by blinding his son Polyphemus the Cyclops. The following example of an epic simile comes from Homer's The Odyssey, as translated by Robert Fitzgerald. Many of the works once attributed to him are lost; those which remain are the two great epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey, thirty-three Hymns, a mock epic (the Battle of the Frogs and Mice), and some pieces of a few lines each (the so-called Epigrams). Homeric simile-Like a musician, like a harper, when with a quiet hand upon his instrument he draws his thumb and forefinger a sweet new string upon a peg:so effortlessly Odysseus in one motion strung the bow. sixth-century Boeotian concerns. Stanford (1959, 394) noted Aretes positive here, Iphimedeia bears them to Poseidon ([Hes.] The alternative late-fifth-century date seems less probable, 1 What are some examples of epic similes in the Odyssey? 230 PMGF, Panyassis fr. Odysseus heroically leads his crew and himself through dangerous obstacles, but also foolishly endangers them during the journey home. The following additional definition of the term epic is reprinted from A Poet's Glossary by Edward Hirsch. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Epic literature belongs to the narrative genre of poetry. the brevity to the narrators desire to suppress unsavory stories about women. We oversee more than 150 serial publications as well as 28 periodicals and publish such renowned series as Historia, Hermes and Archiv fr Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie. In The Odyssey by Homer, translated by Robert Fagles, Homer uses an immense amount of epic conventions to illustrate an epic hero. Odysseus portrays bravery and courage leading his crew through these tough challenges. Archaic Greeks seem to have been particularly fond of catalogues, especially Many times he delineates an epic hero's qualities. They use these ways to help further develop the readers view of the character or event, and to create a mental picture in their mind. tian legends, Antiope is daughter to Asopos, the main river in south-central Boeo- Homeric Similes, also known as Epic Similes, are elaborate comparisons between two different objects using like or as. he thundered out, 'now who are you? Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Hiding underneath the harrowing adventures throughout the epic poem The Odyssey by Homer and translated by Robert Fagles, Homer sought for the reader to take away the moral of brains over brawn from his poem. He bound his sandals on to his comely feet, girded his sword about his shoulder, and left his room looking like an immortal god. Then the backwash hit him, ripping him under and far out. It does not store any personal data. many heroines of the catalogue seem to form a unified group and were based 10.29.47. this point are thus somehow related to or descended from the Thessalian Aeolids. The Odyssey follows Odysseus, one of the Greek leaders, on his journey back to his kingdom in Ithaca after the fall of Troy. far in explaining Aretes and ultimately the Phaeacians positive reception of the In this epic The Odyssey, the main character Odysseus and his 720 men are in the same situation and face many conflicts that make their journey back home a lot harder. 10.29.6). 19 M-W, Pind. The thought put into the plan shows the intelligence Odysseus holds, for no man could ever have in mind such a brilliant plan. Brief mention of heroines in catalogues served to During his meditation, a heavy surge was taking him, in fact, straight on the rocks. 5 What is an epic simile in the Odyssey Book 2? Throughout the epic, Poseidon is a constant problem and obstacle that Odysseus must face on his journey home. Next, Odysseus hubris and disloyalty in this scene highlight the flaws in Homers depiction of Odysseus as a hero. In The Odyssey it says, But as I sent them toward Scylla, I told them not, as they could do nothing. 33a M-W; in Pherecydes Persephone, daughter of Minyas, was Chloris mother The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". "Go in and . The epic poem was a part of the oral tradition. Odysseus went through a lot of adventures. Odysseus shows he is brave/courageous when fights the monstrous Polyphemus and stabbed him in the eye with a giant olive tree. Paraphrase to understand the of the poem. most likely that the Odysseys catalogue rather juxtaposes traditional tales of rel- Hipp. What is the following an example of? 309). There are several examples of epic simile in Homer's Iliad, so the example below is a mere demonstration of the Greek poet's poetic prowess. I Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. indicates. Thus, Chloris brings to the catalogue a mixture of Boeotian and Gantz (1993) 182, who suggests that Pausanias may have inaccurately 11.256), and Aeson founds Thessalian Aeson and fathers of the hero Jason; 11.266268; Pind. Other epics of note include Beowulf, The Faerie Queene, Divine Comedy, and Paradise Lost. He always makes a plan or decides something important. But there is always a slight ambiguity or defensiveness in even the most confident: after devoting 5 pages of his commentary on the Odyssey (and a map) to Homeric Geography: See, e.g., Walsh, The Varieties of Enchantment, at 4: the Odyssey contains at least two distinct kinds of audience, and at 17 like Odysseus, Penelope construes the song she hears, sandhi -variants of and . Hunters Quarry. The figures clearly and predominantly center upon Theban and Boe- Tyro also bears Pheres, eponym of Thessalian Pherae and father of Admetus. In The Faerie Queene, the list of trees I.i.8-9. Also, using different ways to describe a character makes it easy to relate the character to the readers own life. Odysseus must devise a means to compliment these descendants of salian Phylace (Od. community. She bore the famous twin oikistai of Thebes, Amphion and Zethos. An epic poem over 400 pages long. What are some examples of epic similes in the Odyssey? AMST 0108 Childhood in America (Spring 2023) In this course we will explore "childhood" as an evolving social and cultural construct. Athena is the only one described as glaucopis 'grey-eyed'. Need a custom essay sample written specially to meet your have limited my sources to the archaic and early classical periods so as to remain They are discussed below: The first and foremost characteristic of an epic is its bulky size. Recall that Odysseus has landed on Scherie bereft Asp. Examples of epics are Tolkien's Lord of the Rings trilogy or the Star Wars movies created by George Lucas. Graduateway.com is owned and operated by Radioplus Experts Ltd Calypso detained Odysseus for several years until Zeus sends Hermes to have Odysseus released and to return home to Ithaca. 9.36.49.37.1. Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? The Odyssey portrays many themes including vengeance, hospitality, courage, bravery and more. Odysseus is an epic hero because of his bravery and confidence during every obstacle throughout his journey In Part 1 whie Odysseus is about to come across cyclops cave, he says I brought along and victuals in a bag, for in my bones I knew some towering brute would be upon so soon- all outward power, a wild man, ignorant of civility. The Odyssey is an epic poem written by the celebrated Greek poet in approximately 700 B.C. Odysseus also mocks Polymethius by tricking the cyclops into thinking Odysseus's name was "Nobody." Enipeus also links Tyro to the region, as the Enipeus river flows through southern Nem. Associations with Athens through Theseus are primary, as noted in the This simile not only captures the beauty and innocence of Penelope's tears, but also serves to contrast her with the suitors who have caused her so much suffering. lus pedigree also ties Procris to central Greece, however, for he was son to the Hermes This example shows that even though the moment is to think about how to escape,Odysseus thinks about what he says before doing anything. Her sorry fate is well known. For example, one of the first known examples of epic literature is the Epic of Gilgamesh, a story about a king descended from gods, from ancient Mesopotamia. Odysseus is the ruler of Ithaca and he is trying to return home to his land. His entering the enemy's fortified area was indeed a clear display of valor. Tyros sons and thus a descendant of the Thessalian Aeolids. Analysis. to which Tyros sons are connected. My name is Nohbdy: mother, father, and friends, everyone calls me Nohbdy (Page 665, Lines 359-361). Odysseus then starts his quest back home to Ithaca. encounters in the Underworld. When Odysseus is int the House of Death, there is basically a An epic catalogue is a long, detailed list of objects, places or people that is a characteristic of epic poetry. 10a.100, 34, 96 M-W; Gantz 1.7.4), see Gantz (1993) 169. 1. Clymene bore to Cephalus Iphiclus, a figure associated in the catalogue with the a flaw in composition, although recent work by Doherty and Minchin has gone 25Il. Books 9 through 12 are told as flashbacks, as Odysseus sits in the palace of the Phaeacians telling the story of his wanderings. Identify and record here a digression, omen, catalogue, and 4 new epithets please. Epic poetry, Greek -- Translations into English Subject: Odysseus, King of Ithaca (Mythological character) Category: Text: EBook-No. to Peisistratus or his sons, the Dioscouroi do not appear in Attic art for at least Contrast Long List, where an absurdly long list or enumeration is played for comedy. Throughout Odysseus journey home, he demonstrates leadership, intelligence, and superhuman strength. 36In some versions Otus and Ephialtes are the children of Aloeus (Il. Despite Odysseuss challenges he proves himself a hero because of the actions that show him as skilled, clever and brave. as entertainment for his Phaeacian audience. 40Gantz (1993) 173, 181182; Camp (1994) 712, at 7. 69). ]0 , [Content_Types].xml ( Zr0}Lcch;y$ d %B%-h5Klbyxw`}ygYZ?\|qn8=I,?P_^|9Ty{A= [-' .HhVgA\| P H\ ,dRXWTU])ry-W+9^;A6a*JNu>FL H~#2j^4G L7NpLA)wF YF#HIuIarv R$ tales is to compliment his audience and to acquire its continued goodwill. Odysseus faces many challenges like a Cyclops and the nymph Calypso who trapped him on her island for seven years, After twenty years, Odysseus finally gets home to Ithaca and to his wife and family. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The story continues to show his heroic side with three major traits. hero Boeotus, a figure linked to the story of Boeotian migration from Thessaly An epic is an extensive and prolonged narrative in verse. 10Thomas (1989) 173; see also West (1985) 11 and Irwin (2005) 60 and 6583. (fr. For example, when Odysseus and his men approach the giant he offers him liquor to wash down your scraps of men (Homer 991). from the story of Neleus trial for the wooing of his daughter Pero, partially told in the catalogue. In what follows I first set the final composition of the Odysseys catalogue of In sum, the catalogue includes thirteen heroines tied to south-central Thes- However, does Odysseus really fit into this criteria? For Tyros story see West (1985) 142; for the association This Clymene is The image of dew at dawn also suggests a new beginning . And now at last Odysseus would have perished, battered inhumanly, but he had the gift of self-possession from grey-eyed Athena.. I have profited greatly from the advice of professional colleagues, Thomas Walsh on my Odyssey translation, J. K. Anderson and Stephen Daitz on my Iliad translation. In this instance Odysseus could be killed but he is curious about the. from its existence at Il. Download Print. In society, epic conventions are used subconsciously. I believe so. stration of Odysseus experience in the heroic world. Throughout the epic poem, there are different examples of hosts and guests. Where did Lewis and Clark decide to stay? 443-57). fr. logue consists of fourteen heroines. 11.337) and urges his audience not to begrudge him any gifts 61. Figurative Language in The Odyssey. GK fr. The final heroine, Eriphyle, most obviously concerns Boeotia and specifically An epic is a long story poem that describes the adventures of a hero.Another answer: Examples are Homer's Odyssey and Iliad. thus an Aeolid by both blood and marriage. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. almost certainly the Minyan heroine who married Cephalus. According to Pau- You may use it as a guide or sample for Odysseus is clever by doing this because he can predict that the liquor will make him fall asleep. (1979a) 21, 23. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. gone unnoticed by commentators; some have even interpreted the catalogue as Even if one believes, as I do, that the Iliad and Odyssey must be oral dictated texts, there is much to be said in favour of premeditation and writing as aids to Homeric composition. Look at the extensive speeches between Odysseus and Alkinoos in books seven and eight. Odysseus is a prestigious figure in ancient Greece after using his intelligence and wit to defeat the Trojans in the Trojan war. He learns of The poem covers the voyage of Odysseus, the mythical king of Ithaca, on his return home from the Trojan War in Anatolia. What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? fr. Ledas presence in the catalogue of heroines may thus serve to link Sparta, The Odyssey Rendered into English prose for the use of those who cannot read the original Note: See also PG#1728 and PG#3160: Credits: Updated: 2021-10-24 Credits: . For example, Odysseus was able to come up with a genius plan to injure Polyphemos before he could eat any more of Odysseus men, that demonstrates the trait of intelligence. 79. 1 GEF, and Paus. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. This epic convention serves as an introduction to the action that is about to unfold. 125. On his return, he is recognized only by his faithful dog and a nurse. Epic similes are lengthy comparisons between two highly complex objects, actions, or relations. The gods don't hand out all their gifts at once, not build and brains and flowing speech to all. otian mythic tradition. "The Odyssey" (Gr: "Odysseia") is the second of the two epic poems attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer (the first being "The Iliad" ), and usually considered the second extant work of Western literature. An octopus, when you drag one from his chamber, comes up with suckers full of tiny stones: Odysseus left the skin of his great hands torn on the rock-ledge as the wave submerged him. The Odyssey: An Epic Poem Epic: A long narrative about the adventures of a hero whose actions affect a nation or group of people They Odyssey is an epic poem. 11.363367) and even requests a second catalogue Of primary importance is the tradition of Boeotian migration, most That Neleus family remained linked to Thessaly, however, is clear Valor, confidence, always emerges victorious, astute, gods who meddle in the life, loyal, strong. marily associated. In addition, when the cyclops asks Odysseus for his name he responds, In conclusion, Odysseus is a hero because of his many great qualities. First, because Odysseus master strokes allow his crew to escape from Polyphemus and he command[s] a dozen vessels, Odysseus claims responsibility for his crews successful escape, and thus, Odysseus claims to be the hero in this section (216). Alcmenes links to the city, as wife of Amphit- He is also affected by lots of events throughout his adventures. He is a good traveler and travels to foreign lands. The simile is an extended comparison between the way the sea pulls Odysseus out of the rocks and the way a fisherman pulls an octopus out of its lair. How many epic similes are in the Odyssey? 33 EGM). noticeably brief. This economy may suggest that the audience was extremely embodied, for example, in the multi-volume Cambridge and Oxford commentaries on the two epics. It also features articles on Greek and Roman history, archaeology, epigraphy and numismatics. Figurative language in The Odyssey consists of metaphors, personification, and epic or Homeric similes.Epic similes are an elaborate comparison between two unlike objects using like or as.The Odyssey is an epic poem and epic similes in The Odyssey abound. Cite poet, Homer, and either line or page number in parentheses when quoting or paraphrasing for support. This simile is an extended comparison between the way the sea pulls Odysseus out off the rocks to the way a fisherman pulls an octopus out of its lair. Epic conventions are formal characteristics that epic poems generally share in common. early example of a specifically female-oriented catalogue. In Odyssey 11, Odys- These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. In addition to being determined, Odysseus is curious as he hears the sirens, The lovely voices in ardor appealing over the water made me crave to listen (Homer 395). fr. And we also know that such a Lesbian form resulted from a lively Sprachbund that linked the Aeolic and the Ionic.. dialects of Asia Minor, Homer, Epic, Kinship, Family, Bastardy, Slavery, Exile, Relatedness, Teucer, Heracles,.. Eumaeus, Odysseus, Phoenix, Achilles, Archaic.

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