selene greek mythology

[142] In Theocritus' second Idyll, a young girl invokes Selene in a love-spell. According to Nonnus, Typhoeus battled Selene by chucking bulls at her, then violently rushing her. "[42], According to the Homeric Hymn to Selene, the goddess bore Zeus a daughter, Pandia ("All-brightness"),[43] "exceeding lovely amongst the deathless gods". In memory of the beautiful Endymion, the fly still grudges all sleepers their rest and annoys them. Selene. Mythopedia, December 07, 2022. https://mythopedia.com/topics/selene. While her husbands team of horses usually consisted of four animals, Selenes chariot, like her light, was less powerful. [3] Selene and Artemis were also associated with Hecate and all three were regarded as moon and lunar goddesses, but only Selene was regarded as the personification of the Moon itself. And if Selene and Helios did not work together, as the personifications of the moon and the sun, there would be absolute chaos in the world. Hymn 31, To Helios, also speaks of the two sisters of Helios where the rich-tressed Selene is once again alluded to. Selene was a beautiful goddess with long, flowing . [37] Other accounts give still other parents for Selene: Euripides has Selene as the daughter of Helios (rather than sister),[38] while an Aeschylus fragment possibly has Selene as the daughter of Leto,[39] as does a scholium on Euripides's play The Phoenician Women which adds Zeus as the father. Two of the original twelve Titans descended from Uranus and Gaia, Hyperion was the Titan god of heavenly light while Theia was the Titan goddess of vision and the aether. Ceto - Goddess of the Water. [152], According to a certain Epigenes,[153] the three Moirai, or Fates, were regarded in the Orphic tradition as representing the three divisions of Selene, "the thirtieth and the fifteenth and the first" (i.e. Updates? Selene personified the moon and was one of the Greek goddesses of the night. Selene was said to drive her moon chariot across the sky every night, from east to west, following her brother. It was devoted to Selene, under the name Pasiphae, and to Helios. Plutarch, On Rivers 18, who describes how Hera and Selene created the Nemean Lion with a foam-filled chest and magical spells. [16][18], Although attempts have been made to connect Selene to Helene due to the similarity of their names, in two early dedications to Helen from Laconia her name is spelled with a digamma (Ancient Greek: , romanized:Welna), ruling out any possible connection between them. [81], Philologist Max Mller's interpretation of solar mythology as it related to Selene and Endymion concluded that the myth was a narrativized version of linguistic terminology. All of these qualities bound Selene to the natural phenomena of time and seasons and the rejuvenation of nature as well, even apart from her ability to shed light. Both of these Goddesses are also associated with Hecate. Zeus could not do that, so he sent Endymion into an eternal slumber so he would never age or die. [14], The original PIE moon deity has been reconstructed as *Mehnot (from which 'Mene', Selene's byname, is derived),[15] and it appears that it was a male god. If you have read Greek mythology and the famous epics of ancient Greece, you may be quite familiar with her brother Helios. The Story of Selene. The masculine form, Phoebus, was used in reference to either Apollo or. Selene - Mythology. There are three different ways you can cite this article. According to Greek mythology, the moon goddess Selene was the daughter of two Titans (mythological giants) called Hyperion and Theia. [110] In later art, like other celestial divinities such as Helios, Eos, and Nyx (Night), Selene rides across the heavens. 80; Acusilaus, FHG 1 frag. Selene has a minor planet named after her, called 580 Selene. As time progressed, they merged into one identity. In many paintings and sculptures, Selene is traditionally depicted with the crescent moon in her vicinity. The personification of the Sun, he was portrayed as driving a four-horse chariot across the sky on a daily basis. Quintus Smyrnaeus makes Selene, by her brother Helios, the mother of the Horae, goddesses and personifications of the four seasons; Winter, Spring, Summer, and Autumn. . One of the most important sources of this myth is in the Greek satirist Lucian of Samosatas Dialogues of the Gods, where Aphrodite and Selene talk about the latters love for Endymion. [2], Selene was also called Mene. Though Selene, as the moon, was undeniably important to the ancient Greeks, there are very few descriptions of her in literature. Selene, daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, was the personification of the moon. Both Epimenides and the Greek philosopher Anaxagoras seem to use the exact words fell from the moon while speaking of the savage Lion of Nemea, Epimenides again using the words fair tressed Selene.. After all, mythology is storytelling at its finest. The great English Romantic poet John Keats wrote a poem about the mortal, entitled Endymion, with some of the most famous opening lines in the English language. Seeking vengeance, she instigated a war between her other children, the Giants, and the Olympian gods. The most well-known story of Selene is her love of the mortal man Endymion. Hurwit 2017, pp. Hurwit, Jeffery M. (2017), "Helios Rising: The Sun, the Moon, and the Sea in the Sculptures of the Parthenon", Jones, Prudence H., "A Goddess Arrives: Nineteenth Century Sources of the New Age Triple Moon Goddess" in. While we often think little of the moon today, in the ancient Greek world the moons cyclical movement through the sky played a central role in their concept of time. Selene was more than just a lunar goddess, she was the embodiment of the moon and its light. Who were Zeus' Lovers? Whatever his profession, the handsome young man frequently slept beneath the open sky. She was worshipped at the new and full moons. Mason-Dixon Line She was depicted as a woman riding sidesaddle on a horse or driving a chariot drawn by a pair of winged steeds. Selene is the goddess of the moon. Selene visited the sleeping Endymion where he lay alone in a cave everyday and had fifty daughters with him, the Menai, the personification of the Greek lunar months. Her brother is Helios, the Sun and her sister is Eos, the Dawn. My work has also been published on Buzzfeed and most recently in Time magazine. Without Selene giving way to Eos, Helios could not bring the sun back to the world. Hypothesis to the scholia on Pindars Nemean Odes. But Selene was also called by many generic epithets that were used for other goddesses as well, including (euplokmos, she of the beautiful hair), (leuklnos, white-armed), (glaukpis, gray-eyed, bright-eyed, an epithet most commonly associated with Athena), and (kyanpis, dark-eyed, essentially the opposite of glaukpis). In the center of the main panel Selene descends from her chariot, whose horses are held by a nymph, to join Endymion, who lies to the right. Selene featured in few myths, with the most famous ones being the tales that tell of her lovers: Zeus, Pan and the mortal Endymion. Greek Mythology >> Galleries GALLERIES. Instead, Zeus collected all the herbs for himself. As the daughter of the Titan god of heavenly light, it is an apt name. Hesiod, Catalogue of Women frag. [34] She also had a sacred statue (which stood alongside one of her brother Helios) in the public market of Elis.[35]. Selene's Roman name was Lunar. The three children have become much more well-known in general Greek literature than their parents, especially after the fall from grace of Hyperion, who stood by his brother Cronus in the latters war against Zeus and was banished to Tartarus for it. Names of the Goddess. 500450 BCE. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Gods of Death [114] From Pausanias, we learn that Selene and Helios also framed the birth of Aphrodite on the base of the Statue of Zeus at Olympia. Although in most myths, the Horae appear to be triads born of Zeus and Themis, in this particular incarnation they were the daughters of Selene and Helios. Indeed, the Greek comic playwright Aristophanes said in the 5th century BCE that the worship of the moon was a sign of barbarian communities and not to be emulated by the Greeks. Selene and Endymion relief, Alessandro and Lancellotto Pusterla's gravestone, 16th century. The second Japanese lunar orbiter spacecraft following was named SELENE (Selenological and Engineering Explorer) after Selene, and was also known as Kaguya in Japan. Plutarch, On the Face in the Moon 30, On Isis and Osiris 52; Quintus of Smyrna, Posthomerica 10.337; Nonnus, Dionysiaca 10.214, 44.70. Robert S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden: Brill, 2009), 2:131819. Thou wouldst say far off that this was milk indeed, which is a well-spring of white water: if thou draw a little nigher, lo, the stream is fringed as though with ice, for white stone rims it round. iPhone History: A Timeline of Every Model in Order The pair could also have been the parents of the beautiful and vain Narcissus, for whom the Narcissus flower is named, according to Nonnus, the Greek epic poet of the Roman era. If youve ever wondered what role the moon played in ancient life, here is your chance to learn about how the Greeks viewed Selene, the personification of the moon. In rarer traditions, she is the daughter of the Titan Pallas. Zeus had enough sympathy for Selene to not kill Endymion outright, but he put the human man in an enchanted sleep on Mount Latmus in the East so Selene would have no further reason to descend to earth each night. Did a Lion-Headed Monster Exist in Greek Mythology. She was worshipped at the new and full moons. Selene was the goddess of the moon. She drives her moon chariot across the heavens. Mene, a name that she was also commonly known by, meant the moon or the lunar month, from the root mens which meant month. This is an attribute that she shares with her Roman equivalent Luna, where the latin luna also means moon.. For other uses, see, Detail of Selene from a Roman sarcophagus, A winged Selene seems to be unique to this. Helios was married to Perse, but he had quite a few extramarital affairs, and a number of children . He soon discovered the source of Selenes distraction. [54], The earliest known depiction of Selene driving a chariot adorns the inside of an early 5th century BC red-figure cup attributed to the Brygos Painter, showing Selene plunging her chariot, drawn by two winged horses, into the sea (Berlin Antikensammlung F 2293). They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. These three lunar goddesses were all important to the Greeks in different ways but it was only Selene who was considered the moon incarnate herself. With Zeus she is the mother of Pandeia goddess of dew. In the more familiar tradition, however, the Horae were the daughters of Zeus and Themis, and there were only three of them (even their names are completely different: Eirene, Eunomia, and Dike). [31] Mesomedes of Crete calls her (glauk, "silvery grey"). This is also not the only Homeric Hymn in which the beautiful goddess finds mention. [32], Selene was rarely worshipped, at least in earlier periods of ancient Greek history. [45] Selene and Zeus were also said to be the parents of Nemea, the eponymous nymph of Nemea, where Heracles slew the Nemean Lion, and where the Nemean Games were held. Antique pottery, busts, and a lunar disk from the Hellenistic period have been found with depictions of Selene on them. [47] Nonnus has Selene and Endymion as the parents of the beautiful Narcissus, although in other accounts, including Ovid's Metamorphoses, Narcissus was the son of Cephissus and Liriope.[48]. The Greeks (like many other ancient peoples) were notoriously terrified of eclipses, viewing them as signs of the gods displeasure.[3]. In some cases, it is debated whether she indeed was the mother. But on nights the moon could not be seen, there was a very good reason for her absence. Helios, the son of Hyperion and Theia, was their second child. [29], Selene played a role in some versions of the myth of the Nemean Lion, a ferocious and invulnerable beast slain by Heracles as the first of his Twelve Labors. Selene was written off and Artemis became the goddess of the moon, hunting, and animals. For this the Greek gods were to be worshiped. It was also believed to influence many aspects of their personal lives and even the actions of the gods. -Quintus Smyrnaeus, Fall of Troy 10. [52] There are no mentions of Selene's chariot in either Homer or Hesiod,[53] but the Homeric Hymn to Selene, gives the following description: The air, unlit before, glows with the light of her golden crown, and her rays beam clear, whensoever bright Selene having bathed her lovely body in the waters of Ocean, and donned her far-gleaming raiment, and yoked her strong-necked, shining team, drives on her long-maned horses at full speed, at eventime in the mid-month: then her great orbit is full and then her beams shine brightest as she increases. The Greek word Phoebe means bright and the word Cynthia means from Mount Cynthus which was said to be the birthplace of Artemis. In some later accounts, she is known as the Horned Selene, perhaps due to the crescent moon upon the crown of her head. Gaia, the primordial Titan goddess and grandmother to the Olympian gods and goddesses, was enraged when her children were defeated in the Titanomachy and imprisoned in Tartarus. Selene does not appear in modern adaptations of Greek myths, since she is not exactly one of the major Greek gods like Zeus or Aphrodite. Selene and Helios together were said to be the parents of the four Horae, the goddesses of the seasons. The goddess of the hunt became associated with the moon and lunar cycles. Occasionally Selenes chariot was pulled by oxen or bulls, again differentiating it from the faster vehicle of her brother. [113] Selene and Helios also appear on the North Metopes of the Parthenon, with Selene this time entering the sea on horseback. 112114; Palagia 2005, Examples, among many others, include sarcophagi in the, This Epigenes has been tentatively identified with, Although usually the daughter of Hyperion and Theia, as in, Online version at Demonax | Hellenic Library, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, "Kaguya Another Chapter for the Lunar Saga", Online version at Harvard University Press, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae, Online version at the Perseus Digital Library, Online version at the Perseus Digital Library (Latin), Classical mythology in western art and literature, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selene&oldid=1142206020, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Pages using sidebar with the child parameter, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Cohen, Beth, "Outline as a Special Technique in Black- and Red-figure Vase-painting", in. She is the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, and sister of the sun-god Helios, and Eos, goddess of the dawn. The crescent moon, full moon, and dark moon corresponded to the three states of being embodied by the Fates. 13 In later times Selene was identified with Artemis, and the worship of the two became amalgamated. Selene, (Greek: "Moon") Latin Luna, in Greek and Roman religion, the personification of the moon as a goddess. Way). Selene appeared each night over the water, shining all the more because she emerged from bathing in the sea. Multiple sources say that she had a hand in the creation of the Nemean Lion, whether that was only Selene working on her own or in conjunction with Hera. Artemis has been commonly associated with Selene. Altes Museum, Berlin, Germany. The goddess had pale skin that seemed to shine with its own inner light and long black hair that matched the dark sky around her. Sometimes this develops in later worship as they are identified with other deities or gods. Selene. Indeed, it reflects the fascinating way the Greeks observed the . Another myth describes how Selene held her own against the monster Typhoeus when he attacked the gods. https://mythopedia.com/topics/selene, Avi Kapach is a writer, scholar, and educator who received his PhD in Classics from Brown University. [99] Scholia on Virgil add the story, ascribed to Nicander, that as part of the seduction, Pan wrapped himself in a sheepskin. And along with Selene, the moon moved as well. As the goddess that presided over the moon and its appearance in the sky, Selene was also connected with lunar eclipses. They included: The lunar goddesses sometimes worked together. Surviving descriptions of Selene's physical appearance and character, apart from those which would apply to the moon itself, are scant. While Selene was known for pulling the moon across the sky in her silver . Selene was a Titan goddess in Greek mythology, daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia. Some nymphs in Greek mythology were famous, but others were only known in a certain time Apollo: The God of Music, Poetry, and Light, Hecate Greek Goddess of Witchcraft : The Complete Guide. Selene, goddess of the moon, truly represented the moon itself to the Greeks. In Greek, the name Endymion means one who dives and Max Muller thought that the myth was a symbolic representation of how the sun set by diving into the sea and then the moon arose. My name is Mike and for as long as I can remember (too long!) Selenes Roman counterpart was called Luna (from the Latin word meaning moon). The months had their own personifications as well, who were all born from Selene. It seems that Selene was not uninvolved in the twelve tasks of Heracles either. The name Selene is also quite popular in the English-speaking world. Her grandparents are Gaia, (Mother Earth) and Uranus (Father Sky). Many of Selenes epithetsincluding (agl, gleaming), (pasiph, all-shining), and (tanyspteros, long-winged)reflected her lunar qualities and other distinctive attributes. [78] In his dialogue between Aphrodite and Eros, Lucian also has Aphrodite admonish her son Eros for bringing Selene "down from the sky". Accessed March 1, 2023. Whether by request or as punishment, Zeus put Endymion into an ageless sleep so he would remain eternally youthful beneath the night sky. Kapach, Avi. Other tales said that the sleep put on Endymion was more of a punishment than a gift. They were even called by their names, Phoebe and Phoebus respectively, in some sources. [103], In Lucian's Icaromenippus, Selene complains to the titular Menippus of all the outrageous claims philosophers are making about her, such as wondering why she is ever waxing or gibbous, whether she is populated or not, and stating that she is getting her stolen light from the Sun, causing strife and ill feelings between her and her brother. Selene - or Luna as the Romans called her - is the goddess of the moon, driving a horse-drawn chariot across the night sky. Only a handful of religious centers of Selene are known from the ancient world. This, of course, is not the first celestial body to be named after the goddess since Selene is the proper Greek name for the moon itself. H. G. Evelyn-White. It did not take long for Zeus to notice something was amiss. The bull panicked, threw Ampelus and gored him to death. Were building the worlds most authoritative, online mythology resource, with engaging, accessible content that is both educational and compelling to read. [84] Selene's participation in the battle is evidenced by her inclusion in the Gigantomachy frieze of the Pergamon Altar, fighting against Giants next to her siblings Helios and Eos and her mother Theia in the southern frieze. Most of the important Greek gods and goddesses had temple sites of their own. Even if he were sleeping, he would not be parted from the goddess he loved by death. Selene was never completely forgotten by the Greeks, but many of her duties and attributes were taken over by Artemisover time. 1999, Mark P. O. Morford, Robert J. Lenardon, Classical Mythology, page 43, Balancing Arria is the union of Selene and Endymion. Like her brother Helios, the Sun god, who drives his sun chariot across the sky each day, Selene is also said to drive a chariot across the heavens. [148] Records show that a type of cake called (bos, "ox") decorated with horns to represent the full moon or an ox was offered to her and other divinities like Hecate, Artemis and Apollo. [23] She was, however, the subject of one of the thirty-three Homeric Hymns, which gives the following description: And next, sweet voiced Muses, daughters of Zeus, well-skilled in song, tell of the long-winged[24] Moon. [143] The idyll opens with the girl ordering her maid to bring potions and magical utensils, followed by an invocation to Selene and Hecate, and finally the rather lengthy spell itself; once she finishes her spell, the girl recounts to Selene of how she met and was betrayed by her lover, and calls upon the goddess to witness and help her, hence the love tail is woven into the love spell. Orphism, Cosmogony, and Genealogy (Mus. There are a number of stories about the moon goddess Selene in Greek mythology, in association with the other Greek gods, especially Zeus. [93] Aelian states: "They say that the Lion of Nemea fell from the moon", and quotes Epimenides as saying:[94], For I am sprung from fair-tressed Selene the Moon, who in a fearful shudder shook off the savage lion in Nemea, and brought him forth at the bidding of Queen Hera. Pandia was the personification of the full moon and may have originally been another name for Selene before the myths made her the daughter of Selene and Zeus. The moon was thought to influence people in other ways, as well. Kapach, A. Selene was not the only goddess the Greeks associated with the moon. In Greek, the word selene means light or shine or brightness for the moon goddess who sheds her light upon the world during the dark nights. 3 Most Important Characters in Greek Mythology, 5 Awesome Greek Mythology Fiction Books for Kids, Aphrodite Facts: Awesome Facts about the Goddess of Love and Beauty. 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