why is miss marie called the maginot line

She seems to see herself as an aggressor, but she has also suffered in her life. 6. The French military was especially insistent that the population disparity made an offensive war of manoeuvre and swift advances suicidal, as there would always be far more German divisions; a defensive strategy was needed to counter Germany. Ultimately, any tender feelings Cholly has for Pecola are transformed into a desire to consume her. Not according to Robert Kirchubel, a military historian with the FORCES Initiative at Purdue University. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Free trial is available to new customers only. Their poor treatment of the whore seems a comment on their youth more than malice, although it cannot go unnoted that in a novel about the pain of being an outcast, Frieda treats Marie very poorly. Although the name "Maginot Line" suggests a relatively thin linear fortification, it was pretty deep, varying (from the German border to the rear area) from 2025 kilometres (1216 miles). Note that the narrative of Cholly's life lays a greater emphasis on Cholly's agency. Without the natural defensive barrier provided by the Rhine River, French generals argued that France needed a new defensive barrier made of concrete and steel to replace it. Observation Posts were located on hills that provided a good view of the surrounding area. [46] Historians have pointed to numerous reasons for the French defeat: faulty strategy and doctrine, dispersion of forces, the loss of command and control, poor communications, faulty intelligence that provided excessive German numbers, the slow nature of the French response to the German penetration of the Ardennes and a failure to understand the nature and speed of the German doctrine. He goes from being the young lover to the naked black boy, forced to go on with sex while two bigger and stronger men watch. | [18] The power of properly dug-in defensive trenches had been amply demonstrated during World War I, when a few soldiers manning a single machine gun post could kill hundreds of the enemy in the open and therefore building a massive defensive line with subterranean concrete shelters was the most rational use of French manpower. What does the little girl call Mrs Breedlove? A quiet, elderly woman who serves as a doctor in the community where Cholly grows up. There were places along the cable where dismounted soldiers could connect to the network. Ace your assignments with our guide to The Bluest Eye! Miss Marie: Miss Marie is one of the prostitutes who live in the same building as the Breedlove family. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. on 50-99 accounts. [2] French and British officers had anticipated the geographical limits of the Maginot Line; when Germany invaded the Netherlands and Belgium, they carried out plans to form an aggressive front that cut across Belgium and connected to the Maginot Line. [17] With the United States isolationist and Britain stoutly refusing to make the "continental commitment" to defend France on the same scale as in World War I, the prospects of Anglo-American assistance in another war with Germany appeared to be doubtful at best. Of the roughly 8.5 million French soldiers mobilized in 1914 to fight Germany and the other Central Powers, more than 6 million became casualties, either killed, wounded or declared missing during four years of grueling trench warfare. The false sense of security contributed "to the development of the "Maginot mentality". [50] Kaufmann and Kaufmann point to the Maginot Line along the Italian border, which "demonstrated the effectiveness of the fortifications when properly employed".[51]. When the British Expeditionary Force landed in France in September 1939, they and the French reinforced and extended the Maginot line to the sea in a flurry of construction from 1939 to 1940, accompanied by general improvements all along the line. When the little white girl asks Mrs. Breedlove who the black girls were, Mrs. Breedlove assures her that she doesn't need to know: "Hush. If the animal eats the meat and behaves strangely, her wish will be granted. First-person narrative by Claudia MacTeer. Chollys father, who abandoned Chollys mother when she got pregnant. [24] The Germans were expected to fight costly offensives, whose failures would sap the strength of the Reich, while the French waged a total war, mobilising the resources of France, its empire and allies. . Her experience of unwanted sexual attention contrasts sharply with Pecolas rape experience, in which Pecolas father not only fails to protect her, but is the perpetrator himself. Nevertheless, Maxime Weygand signed the surrender instrument and the army was ordered out of their fortifications to be taken to POW camps. She finds a permanent job working for a wealthy and warm-hearted white family called the Fishers. [4], Postwar assessment of whether the Maginot Line served its purpose has been mixed. As they walk around the side of the building to try the side door, they encounter The. She begins to become more religious, solidifying her identity as a martyr. [19] Part of the rationale for the Maginot Line stemmed from the severe French losses during the First World War and their effect on the French population. . This section is arguably the most successful part of the novel. When he returned, Mr. and Mrs. MacTeer attacked him. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. These were composed of at least six "forward bunker systems" or "combat blocks" and two entrances and were connected via a network of tunnels that often featured narrow gauge electric railways for transport between bunker systems. Heavy rail artillery was hauled by locomotives to planned locations to support the emplaced artillery in the fortresses, which was intentionally limited in range to 1012km (67mi). SparkNotes PLUS Dont have an account? Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. The Maginot Line, an array of defenses that France built along its border with Germany in the 1930s, was designed to prevent an invasion. These women are prostitutes. Here the Line ran east-west, around the villages of Rittershoffen and Hatten, south of Wissembourg. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. The doctors dehumanize Pauline, and part of that dehumanization takes the form of refusing to look into her eyesbecause if they did, they would see her looking back at them, and encounter Pauline's undeniable humanness and her status as a subject (as opposed to purely an object). The fortifications were built as a result of experiences from the . An advancing German army would first be spotted by camouflaged observation points hugging the German border. Why did the French build the line? THE MAGINOT LINE I31 ernment.I As a result, much of the spirit of the reform was quietly nullified, though the law, including the two-year service, remained on the statute books. The enemy's position would be communicated to a cluster of 78 fire control stations that coordinated the French defense from hilltop outposts. She lies in an empty lot ruminating and then heads home. Nonetheless, in 1927, the Inter-Allied Commission, which was responsible for ensuring that Germany complied with Part V of the Treaty of Versailles, was abolished as a goodwill gesture reflecting the "Spirit of Locarno". Narrow Gauge Railway System: A network of 600mm (.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}1ft11+58in) narrow gauge railways was built to rearm and resupply the main fortresses (ouvrages) from supply depots up to 50km (31mi) away. She takes care of the Fishers better than her own family, and there is a strange parallel between her care of the Fishers' daughter and the care of blonde dolls described by Claudia earlier in the novel. Subscribe now. China, Poland, and Miss Marie Character Timeline in The Bluest Eye Instant PDF downloads. Toni Morrison and The Bluest Eye Background. The Maginot Line (French: Ligne Maginot, IPA:[li maino]), named after the French Minister of War Andr Maginot, is a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move around the fortifications. [18] The decision to build the Maginot Line in 1929 was a tacit French admission that without the Rhineland as collateral, Germany was soon going to rearm and that the terms of Part V had a limited lifespan. Then another neighbor, Miss Dunion, came in and suggested that they take Frieda to the doctor because she might be ruined, a fear that now makes Frieda weep. Instead of worrying that her own daughter has been burned by the hot berries, she pushes Pecola down into the pie juice. for a group? "That's the part that fell apart for the Allies.". This points toward a source of Pecola's suffering: she cannot see herself, because she is invisible to so many. Outpost and Support Point line: Approximately 5km (3mi) behind the border, a line of anti-tank blockhouses that were intended to provide resistance to armoured assault, sufficient to delay the enemy to allow the crews of the C.O.R.F. Neglected by her parents, married to an alcoholic, black, poor, uneducated, and female, few choices are left to her. More books than SparkNotes. 15. His rape of Pecola is motivated by hatredthe text says explicitly that he despises his daughter for loving him because he is painfully aware of his failures. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. To be used as a basis for a counter-offensive. Artillery was coordinated with protective measures to ensure that one fort could support the next in line by bombarding it directly without harm. Look like I just didn't care no more after that. Published April 09, 2021 03:43:00. Frieda and Claudia decide to ask Pecola to get whisky from her father in order to keep Frieda from getting fat. "Bluest Eye Spring Summary and Analysis". Pauline, in turn, humanizes the horse, and understands that by looking into the animal's eyes one can see that its feelings are as real as those of a human being. [clarification needed] The line stretched from Switzerland to Luxembourg and a much lighter extension was extended to the Strait of Dover after 1934. She is tall and impressive, and she carries a hickory stick. Read an in-depth analysis of Cholly Breedlove. (A similar system was developed with armoured steam engines in 19141918.). My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. [14], In 1926, The Manchester Guardian ran an expos showing the Reichswehr had been developing military technology forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles in the Soviet Union. The color of eyes is not for looking, but for being looked at. 7. -Graham S. The girls misunderstanding of what their parents mean by the word "ruined" speaks to their naivet with regard to sexual matters. When the Allied forces invaded in June 1944, the line, now held by German defenders, was again largely bypassed; fighting touched only portions of the fortifications near Metz and in northern Alsace towards the end of 1944. Pecola, not knowing that the meat is poisoned, brings it to the dog. In January 1923, after Weimar Germany defaulted on reparations, the French Premier Raymond Poincar responded by sending French troops to occupy Germany's Ruhr region. | Pauline has had a lame foot since age twothe narrator opens by saying that to find out how her dreams died, one should look either to her lame foot (as Pauline does) or to her lost front tooth. [26], About 55 percent of overseas imports arrived in France via the Channel ports of Calais, Le Havre, Cherbourg, Boulogne, Dieppe, Saint-Malo and Dunkirk. It was part of a bigger plan to force a German attack through Belgium. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Theylive above the Breedlove apartment and befriendPecola. 14. They were also accommodated in complexes of wooden housing adjacent to each fortress, which were more comfortable than living inside, but were not expected to survive wartime bombardment. Claudias mother, an authoritarian and sometimes callous woman who nonetheless steadfastly loves and protects her children. Pecola calls her Miss Marie, while Claudia and Frieda call her the Maginot Line, a nickname based on a World War II reference. "The Maginot Line fit perfectly with this kind of thinking.". By early June, the German forces had cut off the line from the rest of France, and the French government was making overtures for an armistice, which was signed on 22 June in Compigne. In 1940, France deployed about twice as many men, 36 divisions (roughly one third of its force), for the defence of the Maginot Line in Alsace and Lorraine. I seem to recall you are new to the game. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? Cloches are non-retractable turrets. The serpent is the largest remaining artifact from World War II. Breedlove. From upstairs, the little girl calls for Polly, and Pecola accidentally pulls a freshly baked berry cobbler off the counter. The blocks contained infrastructure such as power stations, independent ventilating systems, barracks and mess halls, kitchens, water storage and distribution systems, hoists, ammunition stores, workshops and spare parts and food stores. He shot at Henry and Henry ran away. They had found that the question of the cou- There are hints that his mother was insane. How do colorism and classism cause this status? She then tells the girls that they can wait with her until Pecola is back, offering them pop to drink while they wait. At the house where Polly Breedlove works, we see where Mrs. Breedlove gives most of her attention and love. After a humiliating defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, the French built a ring of 19 heavily fortified military bases around the ancient city of Verdun in northeastern France near the borders with Germany, Luxembourg and Belgium. She makes fun of Claudia and Frieda and tries to get them into trouble, and they sometimes beat her up. The final line was strongest around the industrial regions of Metz, Lauter and Alsace, while other areas were, in comparison, only weakly guarded. [4] J.E. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in. During the ensuing Ruhrkampf ("Ruhr struggle") between the Germans and the French that lasted until September 1923, Britain condemned the French occupation of the Ruhr. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. The girls admire her light skin and social status, and they are jealous of both. The Question and Answer section for Bluest Eye is a great . For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Considered by many to be an expensive failure, a symbol of French . Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. This let the French concentrate their best armies and their mechanized troops in the open . The community knows. A rapid advance through the forest and across the River Meuse encircled much of the Allied forces, resulting in a sizeable force having to be evacuated at Dunkirk leaving the troops to the south unable to mount an effective resistance to the German invasion of France.[3]. You'll also receive an email with the link. Artillery troops operated the heavy guns, and the engineers were responsible for maintaining and operating other specialist equipment, including all communications systems. The houses are sturdier, literally because they are better constructed than the houses in the black section of town, and symbolically as the families that live in them are more stable than the black families in the story. "With the Maginot Line, Joffre's idea was to take these fortifications that France had had for 200 years and bring them into the mid-20th century," says Kirchubel. Read more about sexual initiation as a theme. She becomes pregnant. By the time the Germans crossed into French soil through Belgium, the fight was all but over. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. [27] For economic reasons, the success of the strategy of la guerre de longue dure would at the very least require Britain to maintain a benevolent neutrality, preferably to enter the war as an ally as British sea power could protect French imports while depriving Germany of hers. It's possible to see an unsettling connection between the blonde dolls and the blonde daughters of families that employ black servants: in playing with little blonde dolls, black girls must either pretend the child is theirsand so negate their own race and deny their own beautyor they must pretend that they, like Pauline, are servants caring for the children of white employers. The specification of the defences was very high, with extensive and interconnected bunker complexes for thousands of men; there were 45 main forts (grands ouvrages) at intervals of 15km (9.3mi), 97 smaller forts (petits ouvrages) and 352 casemates between, with over 100km (62mi) of tunnels. It breaks and the girls run away, scared. This passage foretells the sexual violence and oppression experienced by the female characters of The Bluest Eye. During the German offensive Operation Nordwind in January 1945, Maginot Line casemates and fortifications were utilised by Allied forces, especially in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est, and some German units had been supplemented with flamethrower tanks in anticipation of this possibility. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Pecola, who calls the Maginot line by her true name, Miss Marie, explains that she is not dangerous. This was impossible elsewhere as the other parts of the line were located in civilian areas.[10]. Although the alliances with Belgium, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia were appreciated in Paris, it was widely understood that this was no compensation for the absence of Britain and the United States. During the advance to the English Channel, the Germans overran France's border defence with Belgium and several Maginot Forts in the Maubeuge area whilst the Luftwaffe simply flew over it. The Maginot Line tells them Pecola is at her mother's workplace, explaining that Mrs. . Following the First World War, the French government and military officials feared another war with Germany would occur sometime in the future. Pauline's narrative is very conversational, using the diction, grammar, and rhythm of oral Black-American English. Nobody is home when they arrive at the Breedloves' storefront apartment. The quest for whiskey and the girls' disdain for the Maginot Line show, once again, the esteem the girls have for their mother's opinion and her wisdom. Feester: To worsen, especially due to lack of attention. Yet at the same time the girls sense is also the communities sense of the prostitutes. Having suffered early humiliations, he takes out his frustration on the women in his life. The largest guns were, therefore 135mm (5.3in) fortress guns; larger weapons were to be part of the mobile forces and were to be deployed behind the lines. More scarring and memorable than any prior source in the novel, Pecolas own mother reinforces the message the girls have been receiving about the superiority of whites. There are 142 ouvrages, 352 casemates, 78 shelters, 17 observatories and around 5,000 blockhouses in the Maginot Line.[a]. Want 100 or more? France quickly extended the Maginot Line along the Franco-Belgian border, but not to the standard of the rest of the line. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. From front to rear (east to west), the line was composed of: 1. Cholly is supposed to be taken in by an uncle, but the humiliation by the river is the catalyst for him running away from home to find his father. A neighbor, Mr. Buford, arrived and gave Mr. MacTeer a gun. Miss Marie is overweight and kind, China is skinny and sarcastic, and Poland is taciturn. She accepts everyone elses assumption that she is superior and is capable of both generosity and cruelty. But after a few days of following M'Dear's prescription, Aunt Jimmy eats a peach cobbler and dies. Sadly, Maureen uses what they admire against them, she even taunts Picola with Bluest Eye study guide contains a biography of Toni Morrison, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. The insinuation that Frieda might be "ruined" does not make Mrs. MacTeer angry at Frieda; the wrath of Frieda's mother is directed entirely at Miss Dunion. GradeSaver, 27 August 2019 Web. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. The local grocer, a middle-aged white immigrant. Cholly has had no one to teach him how to be a fatherAunt Jimmy is so much older that she hardly seems an adequate role model. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. Why does Maureen have a privilege status in the school community? But they still do not know what ruined means, and not understanding what makes the prostitute distasteful to their mother, they focus on what makes the prostitute distasteful to themher fatness. He goes to Macon, where his father supposedly resides. Its enormous cost and its failure to prevent German forces from invading France have caused journalists and political commentators to remain divided on whether the line was worthwhile. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! The Maginot Line was impervious to most forms of attack. ", "Opinion The difficult truths behind 'Dunkirk', The Maginot Line (French/English/German/Italian), Fortress of Schoenenbourg, (French/English/German/Italian), The U.S. Army vs. They realize the other prostitutes are not fat, and based on their mother's gossip about the prostitutes believe the reason for this is because they drink whiskey. So look for a guy on youtube called feedback gaming. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Claudia does not yet know that her mother here is reacting to Frieda's assault by Mr. Henry.

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